Research Article Evaluation of the Acute Flaccid Paralysis Virological Surveillance System in Polio-Free Morocco, 2010–2018 Sanae Lemrabet , 1,2 Maria El Qazoui, 1 Lalla Meryem Idrissi Azzouzi, 1 Ahmed Rguig, 3 Malika Elhamdaoui, 3 Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf , 2 Leila Medraoui, 2 and Hicham Oumzil 1,4 1 Virology Department, National Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat, Morocco 2 Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Research Center for Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco 3 Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco 4 Pedagogy and Research Unit of Microbiology and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco Correspondence should be addressed to Sanae Lemrabet; sanae.lem@gmail.com Received 18 January 2022; Revised 24 July 2022; Accepted 5 September 2022; Published 23 September 2022 Academic Editor: Sylvester C. Chima Copyright © 2022 Sanae Lemrabet et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. e goal of Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is to comprehensively investigate and report any case of a child below 15 years with a floppy weakness. is is essential for the poliovirus eradication initiative. Objective. In this study, we analyzed the results of nine-year surveillance (2010–2018) of AFP in Morocco. Method. is was a descriptive, retrospective study of cases with AFP routinely documented at the National Referral Laboratory of Polio (NRLP) from 2010 to 2018. Results. Among the 884 AFP cases identified and analyzed, we identified 11 polioviruses as Sabin-like vaccine strains (PSL). PSL were isolated in 11 samples of AFP cases received at the laboratory, including one PSL1, three PSL2 + PSL3, one PSL1 + PSL2, and one PSL1 + 2 + 3. e annualized nonpolio AFP rate per 100,000 children under 15 years ranged from 0.84 during 2011–2015 to 2.29 in 2018. e stool adequacy indicator was poor and may be improved with better delivery times and maintaining the cold chain. e incidence of isolated nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEV) varied between 2.27% and 12.6%, with the average not exceeding 6.35%; the incidence remained low compared to the indicator set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Conclusion. Morocco was certified polio- free by WHO in 2015, and since then no cases of wild poliovirus have been reported. Overall, although the nonpolio AFP rate has risen to the WHO standard, stool adequacy and the proportion of nonpolio enteroviruses need to be improved. e laboratory can adopt alternative techniques, independent of cell culture, to ensure that imported cases of poliovirus are not missed, especially in this era of eradication. 1. Introduction Poliomyelitis is an infectious viral disease that mainly affects children below five years. Less than 1% of children infected with polio develop paralysis, and for every child with pa- ralysis, there are approximately 200 children who are infected but asymptomatic [1]. ere is no cure for polio; however, it can be prevented through immunization. e widespread use of oral polio vaccine (OPV), containing live attenuated poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, has been the primary method to prevent polio since the early 1960s. However, the attenuated polioviruses contained in OPV can undergo genetic changes during replication and, in communities with low immuni- zation coverage, can give rise to vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) that can cause paralytic polio similar to the disease caused by wild polioviruses (WPV) [2]. Hindawi Advances in Public Health Volume 2022, Article ID 2729937, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2729937