2 , 202 3 No. 5 er Vol. p a P search Re Industries (JJECI) Chemical Engineering and of nal r Jordanian Jou 82 Analysis of the Effect of Piping Geometrical Shape on Major Head Losses in Pipes Abdullah A. Alshorman 1*) , La’aly A. Al-Samrraie 2) and Khalideh Al bkoor Alrawashdeh 1) 1) Mechanical Engineering Department, Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Huson, 21510, Jordan. 2) Civil Engineering Department, Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Huson, 21510, Jordan. Abstract This simulation study has been designed to study and scale the head losses (hf) through internal flow passages with different five cross-section areas: these are circular, elliptical, rectangular, square and triangular cross-sectional passages. Those equivalent hydraulic diameters (Dh) were modelled for each shape to be used in head loss calculations and analysis using the Darcy-Weisbach equation. These equations formed the main structure of the mathematical model of this study to enable the building of the subsequent computerized model using MATLAB ® software. Five major parameters were considered for head losses investigation and scaling for each pipe shape, these are the pipe length (L), the hydraulic diameters (Dh), friction coefficient (f), volumetric flow rate or discharge (Q) and mass flow rate (dm/dt). The results showed that head losses of non-circular pipes have relatively higher head losses than that of circular pipes, also the scaling head losses were strongly affected by the pipe geometry and shape, the flow characteristics and fluid properties. Furthermore, the head losses have been severely inversely affected by low pipe hydraulic diameter (Dh 0.10 m) and then be likely to be the same at higher pipe diameter (Dh ≥ 0.25 m) for all pipe shapes. Also, the most recommended pipe shapes for lower head losses next to the circular pipe are elliptical and square, while the less recommended are triangular and rectangular shapes respectively. Paper type: Research paper Keywords: pipes, head losses, geometrical shapes, flow characteristics, fluid characteristics. Citation: Alshorman A., L., Al-Samrraie, and K. Alrawashdeh “Analysis of Effect of Piping Geometrical Shape on Major Head Losses in Pipe”, Jordanian Journal of Engineering and Chemical Industries, Vol. 5, No.3, pp: 82-90 (2022). Introduction Pipes and piping systems have had a very wide range of applications in different industrial, domestic, and engineering fields over many decades. This is interrelated to many parameters of technical applications and the piping system like pipe geometry, shape, roughness, material and head losses across the pipes. Geometry and dimensions of pipe-like shape, diameter, hydraulic diameter, thickness and length are very significant effective parameters that affect the rate of head losses across the pipe and then the design and selection of the pump in addition to its capacity and characteristics. Normally pipes have a circular cross-section as this is preferred by users over years for internal flow due to ease of use, durability, standard fabrications, well-established formulation and modelling characteristics for flow and operation and relatively reasonable head losses. Normally, the flow through pipes is motivated by the hydrodynamic driving force of fluid and opposed by the friction resistance force which is naturally generated due to fluid viscosity and roughness of the internal surface of the pipe (Abraham and Maki, 2018; Abdelrazek et al., 2020; Aguirre and Camacho, 2014; Kim et al., 2018; Alawee et al., 2020). Most previous studies were concentrated on modelling, simulation and calculation of head losses through pipes and piping systems networks based on the circular cross-section shape using pipe diameter as the fundamental characteristics length. Mainly, most of these studies were conducted using mathematical modelling and CFD simulation, and a limited part of them have been performed experimentally using piping or piping networks but not in any non-circular cross-section (Ntengwe et. al., 2015; Sanchez et al., 2008, Arbat et al., 2011; Annan and Gooda, 2018; Chakraborty et al., 2016; Celik et al., 2015; Clark, 2010; Crowe, 2001; Miranda and López, 2011). * Corresponding author: E-mail: alshorman@bau.edu.jo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-3139 Received on August 15, 2022. Accepted on October 24, 2022. Jordanian Journal of Engineering and Chemical Industries (JJECI), Vol.5, No.3, 2022, pp. 82-90. Revised: November 21, 2022. © The author