International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-2, December 2019
994
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: K13450981119/2019©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.K1345.129219
Abstract: A sensor less BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motor
speed control is performed using PSO algorithm. The PSO
algorithm manages the gain value of the PID controller. The
speed of the BLDC motor is provided as the feedback to the
controller. The error value is calculated by predetermined speed
for the BLDC motor. Wind power generator is used as the input
power source for driving BLDC motor. The output power of the
wind power generator varies based on the wind speed. The
variable input source for the BLDC motor affects the performance
of the motor. In order to regulate the input voltage of the BLDC
motor, SEPIC DC-DC converter is used. The PSO-PID controller
controls the Gate pulse of the SEPIC converter. The model is
developed in MATLAB/Simulink, the performance of the
proposed PSO-PID control is measured in variable input power
condition. The hardware model is developed using MSP430
microcontroller to test the efficiency of the PSO-PID controller in
the real time environment.
Keywords : BLDC motor, PSO-PID, SEPIC converter, Wind
power Generator, speed control..
I. INTRODUCTION
Brushless DC motors (BLDC Motors) are widely used in
industrial applications were higher reliability and accurate
control is needed. BLDC motor posses a simple structure with
maximum speed range. Traditional AC motors are used in the
industrial applications, which were replaced by the brushed
DC motors. Development in the field of motor technology the
BLDC motors are introduced with higher efficiency in
handling speed and torque characteristics. In BLDC motors
Brush based commutation is replaced with electronic
commutation. The torque delivered by the BLDC motor is
higher than its size. Thus, the BLDC motors are used in the
applications were weight and space plays a critical factor.
The applications of BLDC motor was classified as
follows open loop Applications, Closed loop Applications,
positioning Applications. The examples like blowers, fans
and pumps are classified under open loop applications. An
elementary low cost controller is enough to control the BLCD
motor for the open loop application. The closed loop
application requires higher accuracy in speed control and
better dynamic response. The house hold application like
dryers, washers are the examples of closed loop applications.
Revised Manuscript Received on December 05, 2019.
Murali Dasari, Department of E.E.E, JNTUA Ananthapuramu,
Ananthapuramu, India. Email: muralidvr@gmail.com
A Srinivasula Reddy, Department of Electrical Engg, CMR
Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana. , India. Email:
svas_a@rediffmail.com.
M.Vijaya Kumar, Department of Electrical Engg, JNTU College of
Engineering, Ananthpur, India. Email: mvk_2004@rediffmail.com
Even speed control is used in automotive applications like
electronic steering, fuel pump control and engine control.
These applications need advanced control algorithms. The
positioning applications focus on faster response in speed and
torque of the motor. Automation and Industrial applications,
which use BLDC motors, are grouped in this category. These
applications may change the direction of the rotation of
BLDC motor more frequently. These applications posses four
important phases they are Acceleration phase, Constant speed
phase, Deceleration phase, Positioning phase. A complex
algorithm is needed to control the BLDC motor connected to
the load in all these phases. The control algorithm posses
three control loops namely, Position control loop, Torque
control loop and Speed control loop. A closed loop controller
is required to perform these loop operations. The
commutation time of the BLDC motor is reduced by adding a
sensor along with the control system.
A. BLDC motors vs Traditional DC motors
The rotor in the electric motor is referred as commutator.
In traditional DC motor brushes are placed to provide contact
between DC electrical source and armature coil windings.
Brushes provide mechanical contact to the several sections of
commutator. The brush system and rotating commutator
operates like a switches, which drives the armature coil in the
sequence along the permanent magnet or an electromagnet. In
BLDC motor the armature coil remains static. Instead of it
permanent magnets rotate along the axis. Thus the problem of
transferring the power to the armature axis is solved in BLDC
motor. The commutator in the traditional DC motor was
replaced with the electronic controller in the BLDC motor.
The controller is programmed to control switching patterns of
the armature coil. Advantages of the BLDC motors are Lesser
operational noise, Longer life time, Higher speed ranges,
Higher efficiency
B. Controlling BLDC motor
A Hall effect sensor is used to identify the position of the
rotor to measure the speed of the BLDC motor. The main
disadvantage of the BLDC motor is its manufacturing cost.
Addition of Hall effect sensors increases the manufacturing
cost. Some applications like submersible pumps, the BLDC
motors are driven sensor less. Various algorithms as Field
oriented control, direct back EMF zero crossing and indirect
back EMF integration methods are introduced.
Adaptive Speed Control Algorithm for BLDC
Motor with Variable Input Source using PSO
Algorithm
Murali Dasari, A Srinivasula Reddy, M Vijaya Kumar