Imtiyaz Ansari et al., Int. J Res. Phy. Pharmacol. 2021; 11(2): 1-7 RĊěĎĊĜ AėęĎĈđĊ IēęĊėēĆęĎĔēĆđ JĔĚėēĆđ Ĕċ RĊĘĊĆėĈč Ďē PčĞęĔĈčĊĒĎĘęėĞ Ćēĉ PčĆėĒĆĈĔđĔČĞ Published by ScienzTech Publication Journal Home Page: www.scienztech.org/ijrpp A review on: Alternatives to animal experimental models Imtiyaz Ansari * , Nitesh Gupta, Abhaykumar Yadav Department of Pharmacology, Oriental College of Pharmacy, Sector 2, Behind Sanpada Railway Station, Sanpada West, Navi Mumbai-400705, Maharashtra, India Article History: Received on: 12 Jul 2021 Revised on: 15 Aug 2021 Accepted on: 17 Aug 2021 Keywords: Alternatives, Ethics, In-silico, Microdosing, 3 Rs, Danio Rerio, Drosophila Melanogaster AćĘęėĆĈę An English solicitor, Jeremy Bentham, disdained the unregulated use of live- stock, in the literature of 1780, which cast doubt on the inability to pay morale to animals. Animal experiment was fundamental to scientiϐic science during his life, but it has also been a question of heated popular and intellectual dis- course from decades. Since then, general understanding and attitudes have strengthened against the unethical or cruel application of animals for research purposes. Russell & Burch provided in 1959 the principles set out during UFAW of the clinical lab method. The alternative measures, replacements, or non-animal steps shall be used as alternatives for live animal methods, or methods of measurement without live animal use. The term ’alternative’ refers to approaches or strategies that substitute the overall use of laboratory animals, minimize the number of animals used, or enhance a current system or technology to reduce animal stress. In recent years, the creation of alterna- tives to animals has been accelerated by designing projects with the intention of developing and introducing alternatives. This report summarizes the key potential approaches to animal science. An integrated use of these techniques will offer an insight into the minimal use of animals for experimental research. * Corresponding Author Name: Imtiyaz Ansari Phone: 7977221955 Email: imtiyaz.ansari@ocp.edu.in eISSN: 2231-010X DOI: https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrpp.v11i2.1416 Production and Hosted by ScienzTech.org © 2021 | All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Animals are widely used for the growth of medic- inal therapy, toxicity assessment of prescription, human use food safety assessment and other uses of science, industry and health. Since at least 500 BC, livestock have been researched. By using ani- mal experiments, researchers will explore various diseases in drug production. Animals are affected by pathogenic agents and studies are carried out. These diseases are created artiϐicially by laborato- ries in an effort to reproduce human diseases. This allows scientists to design a new treatment by study- ing animals. In try to determine out how the disease progresses in the body; researchers will use ani- mal experiments. Through examining animal mod- els, scientists learn what causes and produces dis- ease, and which genetic, climate or dietary factors contribute to disease development. A wide variety of various species, such as cats, rabbits, goats, dogs, albino-rats, monks, monkeys, frogs, etc. are used for this research, although the usual models for animals are mice. The least regularly used birds and ϐish [1]. The core principles in research on animal rights and ethics were the three Rs principles established in the 1959 book ”The Principles of Humane Exper- imental Technique.” (WMS Russel and RL Burch). Replacement, reduction and reϐinement of the three Rs speciϐically justify its use of alternative meth- ods, reduction of laboratory models and rehabilita- tion the three Rs values were universally and uni- formly adopted internationally and were incorpo- rated in regulatory policies and form part of animal quality care. CPCSEA in India adopted another R © ScienzTech Publication | International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology 1