TEM Investigations of Ion-Irradiated Cerium Oxide Thin Film
Sergei Rouvimov
1
and Khachatur V. Manukyan
2
1.
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
2.
Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Cerium oxide (CeO2) is of great interest due to its unique properties. The formation of a single oxygen-
vacancy during the reduction of CeO2 to Ce2O3 increases the Ce
3+
fraction [1,2,3]. The valence and
defect structures of CeO2 are dynamic and can change spontaneously or in response to physical
parameters such as temperature, partial oxygen pressure, doping with other ions, and on applying an
electric field or surface stress. Nano-scale CeO2 particles possess an increased Ce
3+
concentration in
comparison to larger particles since the defect concentration is augmented at the surface. The
simultaneous presence of Ce
3+
and Ce
4+
mixed valence states impart properties of ceria that have been
deployed in various fields such as fuel cell materials, automotive catalysis, oxygen storage, and
biological reactive oxygen species scavenging [4,5].
It this work, energetic argon ion beams was used to tailor the structure of polycrystalline CeO2 thin films
with a thickness of 15-20 nm deposited on the silicon wafer. A 5MV single ended (Sta Ana) NEC
Pelletron and accelerator was used for producing argon ion beams with a different energy, flux, and
fluence. By changing the irradiation parameters, it is possible to regulate the number of oxygen
vacancies and the Ce
3+
/Ce
4+
ratio in ceria thin films. The focus-ion-beam-milling technique was used to
prepare electron transparent samples for imaging by transmission electron microscope (TEM). FEI Titan
80-300 TEM has been employed for atomic resolution imaging of the irradiated films. Electron
diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to investigate the composition of
films and valance state of cerium and oxygen.
Detailed TEM analysis suggested that ion irradiation significantly change the morphology and the
structure of CeO2 layer. For example, initial non-irradiated film images display some pores, while
irradiated samples result in reduction of porosity (Figure 1). Other significant observation is the
thickness of amorphous interlayer between CeO2 and Si increases. Local high resolution EDS analysis
show that that amorphous layer contains silicon, oxygen and cerium. High-resolution TEM imaging
showed that a portions of CeO2 layer also amorphized suggesting that ion irradiation initiates
intermixing of CeO2 and Si at the interface. ELLS measurements indicates that concentration of Ce
3+
significantly increases upon ion irradiation suggesting intermixing of and amorphization leads to partial
reduction of cerium at the interface.
References:
[1] TXT Sayle et al., Chem. Mater. 28 (2016), p. 728.
[2] T Naganuma and E Traversa, Nanoscale 16 (2012), p. 4950.
[3] D Widmann and RJ Behm, Acc. Chem. Res. 47 (2014), p. 740.
[4] D Yoon et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 (2013), p. 14966.
[5] A Varma et al., Chem. Rev. 116 (2016), p. 14493.
1620
doi:10.1017/S1431927619008833
Microsc. Microanal. 25 (Suppl 2), 2019
© Microscopy Society of America 2019
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619008833
Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 34.228.24.229, on 22 May 2020 at 00:44:16, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.