Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Introduction As a popular fruit, Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is being cultivated in this sub–continent since 4000 years ago. Mango originated in Indian sub–continent during the pre–historic times. 1 It is grown in wide geographical area particularly in India, Pakistan, Brazil, Mexico, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and Srilanka. 1 Mango ranks third among the tropical fruits grown in the world with the total production of 25563 thousand metric tons. 2 In Bangladesh, it occupies an area of about 31,278 hectares, with the production of 802750 metric tons of fruits and average yield of 25.66 tons per hectare. 3 Mango is grown almost in all the district of Bangladesh, but it is extensively cultivated in Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Kushtia and Jessore. 2 In all other districts mangoes are found to grow mostly from seeded plants in a sporadic manner only in the homestead areas. 4–7 Mango is well accepted to the people all over the world for its special organoleptic features such as excellent favor, pleasant aroma, attractive color and taste. 8–11 The immature and unripe fruits are largely used for culinary purposes as well as preparation of pickles, chutneys etc which can be stored and consumed throughout the year. 12,13 The good quality ripe mangoes are sold in the market at high price. 14 Beside these mangoes are exported and largely used in the processing industry for processed products like mango bar, juice, squash, leather etc. 15 It is a source of a number of vitamins (especially vitamin A and C), minerals and total soluble solids. 16 It is also a medium source of carbohydrates (16.9%). The minimum dietary requirement of fruit per head per day is 85 g whereas the availability is only 30–35 g, which is much lower than the recommended daily requirement. 17,18 Mango can be cultivated by both sexual and asexual (vegetative) methods but the vegetative method is better to retain the characteristics of the mother plant. 19,20 The existing mango varieties particularly seeded ones are mostly tall in nature with a large canopy. But in Bangladesh the orchard areas are gradually decreasing day by day with the increase of population and required infrastructures. 12,21 So it is diffcult to incorporate tall and large canopy sized mango varieties in those areas. Varietal purity cannot be maintained in those plants raised from seeds. 22 But grafted mango plants are true–to–type, require small area and start bearing earlier than the plants raised from seeds. 20–23 Cleft grafting being the modern method is reported to be successfully practiced. Cleft grafting is easier than veneer grafting with 81.67% success and 67.92% survivability of grafts. Different factors infuence the success, survivability and growth of mango grafts among which grafting method and varieties play vital role. 24 Time of grafting operation has a great infuence on the success of grafting in mango. 11 Optimum time of operation depends mainly on environmental conditions and age of scion and rootstock. 25 Various factors infuence the success and survivability of mango grafts viz. varieties, time of grafting operation, grafting method, defoliation period of scion, age of the scion, leaf and node retention on rootstock. Among these, varieties and time of operation are important factors for higher success, survivability and growth of grafts. 26 Information regarding the infuence of time of grafting on the success of different varieties of mango is inconclusive. 27 Biodiversity Int J. 2019;3(5):209‒217. 209 ©2019 Khushi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Effect of grafting time on the success and survivability of different varieties of mango Volume 3 Issue 5 - 2019 Mst Girin Akter Khushi, 1 Md Touhiduzzaman Sarker, 2 Md Shahidul Islam, 3 Sarder Md Shahriar Alam 4 1 Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh 2 Department of Poultry Nutrition and Feed Science,Yangzhou University, China 3 Department of Plant Pathology,Yunnan Agricultural University, China 4 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh Correspondence: Md Shahidul Islam, Department of Plant Pathology,Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China, Email Received: August 07, 2019 | Published: October 03, 2019 Abstract The aim of this experiment was to examine the effects of grafting time on the success and survivability of different varieties of mango. The study comprises nine grafting time, viz., 10, 20, 30 March, 10, 20, 30 April, 10, 20 and 30 May, 2009 and thirteen different varieties of mango viz. BAU Aam–1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and BAU Aam–13 were used. The experiment carried out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The maximum time required to bud breaking (12.14 days) was noted in 10 March grafted plants while the minimum (9.44 days) was obtained in the 30 April grafted plants. The highest percentages of graft success and survivability were recorded on 20 April (96.87% and 90.62%) and the lowest was observed in 10 March grafting (96.05% and 88.64%). The minimum time (9.46 days) required for bud breaking was found in BAU Aam–6 and the maximum (11.64 days) and was required in BAU Aam–10 followed by BAU Aam–13 (11.64days) and BAU Aam–12 (11.57days). The highest graft success and survivability (97.3% and 96.23%) were observed in BAU Aam–6 and the lowest (95.66% and 86.42%) were in BAU Aam–13. In case of combined effect, the minimum time (7.73 days) was required in BAU Aam–6 in 30 April grafting while the maximum time (13.06 days) required for bud breaking was found in BAU Aam –10 when the grafting operation was done on 10 March. Grafting operation done on 10 April and 20 April with the scion of BAU Aam–1 gave the highest success (97.64%) and the lowest (94.81%) was on 10 March with BAU Aam–7. Grafting operation done on 10 April and 20 April with the scion of BAU Aam–6 gave the highest graft survivability (96.56%) and the lowest (71.66%) was on 10 March with BAU Aam–11. Keywords: propagation, grafting process, success rate, yield Biodiversity International Journal Research Article Open Access