World Applied Sciences Journal 21 (10): 1512-1520, 2013
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2013
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21.10.71244
Corresponding Author: N.A. El-Naggar, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries,
Kayet-Bay, Al-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
1512
Some Anthropogenic Driven Toxic Pollutants in
El-Mex Bay and Its Neighbourhood, Alexandria, Egypt
N.A. El-Naggar, H.I. Emara, A.E. Rifaat, T.O. Said,
1 1 1 2
R.M. Abou-Shahba, N.A. Shaltout and M.F. El-Naggar
3 1 1
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet-Bay, Al-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
1
Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha PO 9004, KSA
2
Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
3
Abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) continue to receive widespread attention as harmful
contaminants in the global environment. Thirteen samples of marine surface sediment were collected from El-
Mex Bay and its neighbourhood during October 2010 to determine the prevailing concentrations of
organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their impact on Mediterranean
Seawaters. These compounds demonstrated markedly different distribution patterns, reflecting different
domestic, agricultural and industrial usage in the area. DDTs were the major pollutant, that exhibited values
<0.60-228.60 ng/g, representing 95.8% of OCPs, but their individual metabolites showed different contributions.
Ratios of DDT/(DDE+DDD) in sediments indicate recent inputs of DDT into El-Mex marine environment. PCBs
exhibited values <1.0-216.6 ng/g, showing high concentrations at sample locations closer to industrial areas
with intensive shipping activities. Sediment Toxicity Reference Values of OCPs and PCBs are higher than those
recorded in the present study. Results of correlation and factor analysis show low positive and negative
correlations among HCHs, cyclodienes, PCBs, sand, silt and clay, indicating that these compounds have
different anthropogenic sources, in addition sorting the sediment and adsorption processes are the fundamental
influence affecting the spatial distribution of cyclodienes, while sand acts as adilutant.
Key words: Pesticides PCBs Sediment GC-MS Alexandria Egypt
INTRODUCTION country as a rodenticide and termiticide. Based on the
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as many organochlorine pesticides were banned or restricted
organochlorine pesticides and PCBs have been of great from use or trade since 1988 by the Ministry of
concern due to their occurrence in high concentrations Agriculture. In 1996, a Ministerial Decree prohibited the
even in remote ecosystems, despite bans on production import and use of 80 pesticides including aldrin, dieldrin,
and usage [1,2]. Many of these compounds are endrin, DDT. Due to the great concern in protecting the
considered to act as environmental hormones, which human health and environment from POPs, Egypt signed
disrupt reproductive cycles of humans and wildlife [3]. the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Some developing countries are still using these Pollutants (POPs) in 2002 and ratified it in 2003.
compounds because of their low cost and versatility in Nonetheless, many of the pesticides banned or withdrawn
industry, agriculture and public health [4]. from developed markets are still produced and sold in
The use of organochlorine insecticides in Egypt developing country markets [5]. Similar to many countries
began in the 1950s and was extensively used until 1981 to in the Mediterranean Region, there are no emission
protect crops from insects, disease fungi and weeds, to inventories of sources or release of organic and inorganic
remove unwanted vegetation and to control insects by pollutants in the Egyptian environment, or any official
the general public. DDT had still a limited use in the data on stockpiles and disposal [6].
reports of their harmful effects to wildlife and humans,