Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology 2020;7(2):253–258 Content available at: iponlinejournal.com Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology Journal homepage: www.innovativepublication.com Original Research Article Spectrum of oral cancers in a tertiary care hospital in industrial belt of Haryana, India Sujata Raychaudhuri 1 , Reetika Menia 1, *, Mukta Pujani 1 , Mitasha Singh 2 , Kanika Singh 1 , Charu Agarwal 3 , Nimisha Sharma 1 , Varsha Chauhan 1 , Avani Jain 4 1 Dept. of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India 2 Dept. of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India 3 Dept. of Pathology, Al falah Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India 4 Dept. of ENT, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 25-08-2019 Accepted 05-02-2020 Available online 25-05-2020 Keywords: Oral cancer Tongue Smoking Young Industrial belt India ABSTRACT Oral cancer is amongst the three top cancers in India, accounting for more than 30% of all cancers reported in the country. It is also the leading cause of cancers in males in India. Faridabad district in Haryana is the 9 th largest Industrial estate in Asia. Objective: To study the spectrum of oral cancers in the Industrial belt of Haryana, Faridabad. Materials and Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted on biopsies of oral cancers at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad. The hospital based cancer registry data for oral cancers have been presented over a period of 30 months (2016-19). This centre caters to patients working in factories, who are covered under ESI scheme and have monthly income of less than 21,000 INR. The data was collected based on patient record. Result: A total of 130 cases of oral cancers were studied and tongue was the commonest site (40.5%) with ulcero-proliferative growth. Male: female ratio was 5.5:1. The highest presentation was noted in the 4 th decade (30.7%) with male predominance of 85%. Ulcer was the most common presentation in 57% (75/130). Moderately differentiated tumours were noted in 53% (70/130) of cases. Majority of the cases presented with history of smoking. Conclusion: This lower age of presentation of oral cancers with tongue as the commonest site and high incidence of tobacco smoking among patients who represent the lower middle socioeconomic strata of society and mostly are factory workers alarm us to focus on predisposing factors. © 2020 Published by Innovative Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 1. Introduction The oral cancer which poses huge health burden is one of the most common cancers in Indian subcontinent. It involves the head and neck primarily arising in the oral cavity and oropharynx. The tumour may be locally confined or extend to the neighbouring organs. 1 It is the 6 th most common malignancy globally with annual incidence of over 30,000 cases. About 62% cases are reported from developing countries. 2 The oral cavity is the most common site of cancer in the Indian subcontinent contributing to * Corresponding author. E-mail address: drreet830@gmail.com (R. Menia). one third of all cancers. 3 It is among top three cancers in India. 4 Almost 90 to 95% oral cancers in India are Squamous cell carcinoma. 5 Accounts for 30% of all cancers in India and age adjusted rate is 20 per 100000. 3 The most important risk factors are alcohol and tobacco. Tobacco includes smoking of cigarettes, bidi and hookah. And use of smokeless tobacco which includes betel quid and areca nuts. Also implicated are HPV infection, poor dental care and poor nutrition. 5 Immunosuppression, poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures are other factors contributing to the oral cancer. 1 In regions near the equator there is high frequency of squamous cell carcinomas. The mean age of presentation in Asian Countries is 5 to 6 th decade compared to the https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpo.2020.048 2394-6784/© 2020 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved. 253