Citation: Darwish, N.A.; Bayyoud,
M. Impact of COVID-19 on UK
Banks; How Banks Reshape
Consumer Banking Behaviour during
Pandemic. COVID 2023, 3, 131–143.
https://doi.org/10.3390/covid3020008
Academic Editor: Martin
Thomas Falk
Received: 11 October 2022
Revised: 16 January 2023
Accepted: 20 January 2023
Published: 24 January 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
Article
Impact of COVID-19 on UK Banks; How Banks Reshape
Consumer Banking Behaviour during Pandemic
Nidal A. Darwish
1,
* and Mohammed Bayyoud
2
1
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Economics, Al-Quds University,
Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine
2
Department of Finance and Banking, Faculty of Business and Economics, Al-Quds University,
Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine
* Correspondence: ndarwish@staff.alquds.edu
Abstract: Due to COVID-19 and prolonged lockdown, banks in the UK have reported impact on
their operational activities and financial aspects. To deal with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,
banks have adopted different strategies that reshape consumer banking behaviour during the COVID-
19 pandemic. This study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on three banks in the UK, including
HSBC, Royal Bank of Scotland, and Barclays Bank. A mixed research approach was adopted where a
closed-ended survey with 30 employees (10 employees from each bank) were chosen to participate in
the survey. Interviews are conducted with three managers of the banks. The study findings show that
banks adopted social distancing to ensure that their brand operations were not affected. The banks
did not consider shutting down the branches for cutting the cost. However, there has been a shift
from a manual to a digital process for client queries to improve efficiency. The banks also created the
brand image of operating during the pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; banking sector; consumer behaviour; financial impact; brand operations
1. Introduction
COVID-19 has created critical instability and high volatility in global capital markets.
The financial sector is one of the most affected sectors where the pandemic has caused
bank valuations to drop in most countries [1]. However, the full impact of the pandemic on
the banking sector is yet to be determined, and it is assumed that the negative impact of
the pandemic will last a little longer. It is reported that the valuation and profitability of
banks are the areas that are very much impacted. Due to a decline in the economic activity,
where banks have experienced a significant drop in their valuation and profitability, they
have also faced issues in continuing their operations. In this regard, it is found that banks
have been struggling with continuing their businesses when there is a significant decline
in economic activity and prolonged lockdown [2]. In the UK, the banking sector has also
experienced similar issues that have slowed down business activities and changed the
way banks previously operated. Due to a decline in economic fallout, banks in the UK
struggled while managing the leading priorities that require decisive steps to relocate and
recalibrate for the future. In this regard, banks, particularly in the UK, have been working
to keep their distribution channels open, abiding by the social distancing guidelines and
supervisory and compliance functions that were not meant for remote work. Banks are also
endeavoring to manage revenue while meeting customer expectations [3].
Banks made other significant changes to ensure that the lockdown has the minimum
effect on business continuity. In this respect, different UK banks have adopted strategies
that are likely to reshape consumer behaviour in the banking sector [4]. It includes changes
in working and visiting hours such as an adjustment in hours, visiting allowed only with
an appointment, automatic routine task, automate the back-office, shifting employees from
non-critical to essential tasks and temporarily stopping some portfolio products, relaxation
COVID 2023, 3, 131–143. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid3020008 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/covid