Journal of Sleep Medicine & Disorders Cite this article: Bulcun E, Dag E, Tulmac M,Cimen DA, Ekici A, et al. (2015) Metabolic Changes and Infammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Sleep Med Disord 2(3): 1023. Central *Corresponding author Eme l Bulc un, De p a rtme nt o f Pulmo na ry Me d ic ine , University of Kirikkale, 71100/ Kırıkkale, Turkey, Tel: 90-318- 3335-000; Email: emelbulcun@hotmail.com Submitte d: 20 April 2015 Accepted: 11 May 2015 Publishe d: 13 May 2015 Copyright © 2015 Bulcun et al. OPEN ACCESS Ke ywo rds • Metabolic syndrome • Infammation • Obstructive sleep apnea Research Article Metabolic Changes and Infammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Emel Bulcun 1 *, Ersel Dag 2 , Murat Tulmac 3 , Dilay Ahad Cimen 1 , Aydanur Ekici 1 and Mehmet Ekici 1 1 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Kirikkale, University of Kirikkale 2 Department of Neurology, University of Kirikkale, Turkey 3 Department of Cardiology, University of Kirikkale, Turkey Abstract Objective: There are different results on low grade infammation and metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We investigated the relation between low grade infammation and metabolic syndrome in patients with OSA. Methods: This study included 78 OSA patients(AHI ≥5) and 28 control group (AHI <5). Clinical information, body mass index (BMI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale were collected. Nocturnal polysomnography was performed and glucose, insulin, high- density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP were examined in fasting blood samplings. Metabolic syndrome was described according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NAEP) criteria. Metabolic score was calculated by adding the number of discrete components of metabolic syndrome. Results: The components number (2.1±0.9 vs 1.2±0.8, p=0.0001, respectively) and percentage (33.3% vs 7.1%,p=0.009, respectively) of the metabolic syndrome and CRP levels (4.3±4.1 vs 2.6±2.9,p=0.01,respectively) were signifcantly higher in the patients with OSA than control group. In bivariate analyses, the component number of metabolic syndrome was correlated with the CRP, AHI desaturation index and minimal O 2 . The component number of metabolic syndrome increased with an increase in AHI and desaturation index in multivariate analysis independently BMI. Conclusion: OSA is associated with metabolic syndrome and low grade infammation. The severity of the metabolic syndrome increased with an increase in OSA severity. Therapeutic approaches to sleep apnea may decrease cardiovascular risk by decreasing frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with OSA. INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widely prevalent disorder, hall marked by partial or total upper airway obstruction during sleep. These events fracture sleep integrity resulting in chronic partial sleep deprivation with destructive metabolic sequelae [1]. The metabolic syndrome is a problem which threatens public health. Abdominal obesity, increased blood glucose, hypertension, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol are composed metabolic syndrome. OSA may also be part of the metabolic syndrome [2]. It has been suggested that the presence of OSA may increase the risk of developing some of metabolic disorders such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance [3,4]. However, there is little evidence available about the relationship between metabolic syndrome as a comprehensive clinical entity and OSA with respect to the cardiovascular risk of patients with coexisting metabolic syndrome and OSA [5]. OSA is a highly prevalent disease and is recognised as a public health burden and it has significant health consequences. Inflammatory processes have emerged as critical in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis at all stages of atheroma formation [6,7]. The relation between increased systemic inflammatory responses and OSA has been found and this inflammation response increases risk for end-organ morbidity [8]. It is widely accepted that OSA is linked with cardiovascular diseases. The relationship is complex and remains still poorly understood. The presence of chronic systemic inflammation has been connected with pathogenesis of both OSA and cardiovascular diseases [9]. C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is an important predictor of future cardiovascular events [10]. Systemic low grade inflammation may adversely effect health status outcomes. Low grade inflammation is a findings chronic diseases [11]. The intermittent hypoxaemia causes to increase of cardiovascular morbidity with inflammatory processes [12].