1032 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 42, NO. 4, APRIL 2014
Prototype of a Diagnostic Calorimeter for BATMAN:
Design and Preliminary Measurements
Michela De Muri, Mauro Pavei, Andrea Rizzolo, Federica Bonomo, Peter Franzen, Rudolf Riedl,
Benjamin Ruf, Loic Schiesko, Matteo Valente, Vannino Cervaro, Daniele Fasolo,
Luca Franchin, Marco Tollin, Roberto Pasqualotto, and Gianluigi Serianni
Abstract—The ITER neutral beam injection system is being
designed to provide 33 MW of heating from two injectors, with an
upgrade to 50 MW possible with a third injector; such heating
power will be provided by accelerating negative ions to high
energies, 1 MeV, and neutralizing them. These neutrals are then
injected into the tokamak where they impart their energy by
collisions. To study and optimize negative ion production, the
SPIDER prototype is under construction in Padova, Italy, whose
beam has an energy of 100 keV and a current of 48 A. The
instrumented calorimeter Short-Time Retractable Instrumented
Kalorimeter Experiment (STRIKE) has been designed with the
main purpose of characterizing the SPIDER negative ion beam
in terms of beam uniformity and beam divergence during short
operations (several seconds). STRIKE is made of 16 1-D carbon
fiber composite (CFC) tiles, intercepting the whole beam and
observed from the rear side by infrared (IR) cameras. With two
identical samples of the CFC material and the IR camera under
assessment, a reduced version of the entire calorimeter has been
built, with the purpose of characterizing its diagnostic properties.
This mini-STRIKE was used in the BATMAN experiment at
Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik (Garching, Germany).
As the beamlet divergence in BATMAN is large, the beamlets
overlap each other in the measurement position; therefore, the
mini-STRIKE for BATMAN includes a copper mask, facing the
beam and featuring eight apertures. Thus, eight different portions
of the beam can be simultaneously sampled, with minimal
overlapping of the power coming from adjacent apertures. The
copper mask was actively cooled, and calorimetry was carried
out. The temperature in the center of the mask and some positions
along the CFC tiles was also measured. In this paper, the design
of the system is presented. The calorimetry system is presented
in detail as well as the procedure adopted for calorimetrical data
analysis. The results of calorimetry are presented together with
preliminary correlations with the BATMAN beam features.
Index Terms— Beam diagnostics, calorimetry, diagnostic
calorimeter, negative ion beam.
Manuscript received July 30, 2013; revised December 13, 2013; accepted
February 8, 2014. Date of publication March 27, 2014; date of current version
April 8, 2014. This work was supported by F4E.
M. De Muri, M. Pavei, A. Rizzolo, F. Bonomo, M. Valente, V. Cervaro,
D. Fasolo, L. Franchin, M. Tollin, R. Pasqualotto, and G. Serianni are with
Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Padova 35127, Italy (e-mail:
michela.demuri@igi.cnr.it; mauro.pavei@igi.cnr.it; andrea.rizzolo@igi.cnr.it;
federica.bonomo@igi.cnr.it; matteo.valente@igi.cnr.it; vannino.cervaro@igi.
cnr.it; daniele.fasolo@igi.cnr.it; luca.franchin@igi.cnr.it; marco.tollin@igi.
cnr.it; roberto.pasqualotto@igi.cnr.it; gianluigi.serianni@igi.cnr.it).
P. Franzen, R. Riedl, B. Ruf, and L. Schiesko are with Max-Planck-
Institut für Plasmaphysik, München D-85748, Germany (e-mail: peter.
franzen@ipp.mpg.de; rudolf.riedl@ipp.mpg.de; benjamin.ruf@ipp.mpg.de;
loic.schiesko@ipp.mpg.de).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available
online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPS.2014.2306438
I. I NTRODUCTION
T
HE SCOPE of the SPIDER device (100-kV acceleration
voltage, 48-A extracted current) [1] is to optimize the
source of the ITER heating neutral beams. The requirement of
the beam uniformity higher than 90% is particularly important.
This parameter will be measured by the diagnostic calorimeter
Short-Time Retractable Instrumented Kalorimeter Experiment
(STRIKE), whose main components are 16 carbon fiber
composite tiles [2]. The heat conduction inside the tiles is
essentially unidirectional, so that the thermal pattern due to
the beam power deposited on the front of the tile is transferred
with minimal distortion onto the rear side, where it is measured
by a thermal camera.
Several prototype tiles are being studied and compared to
choose the most suitable for the final diagnostic [3]. Among
such tests, a small-scale though complete diagnostic calorime-
ter, mini-STRIKE, has been developed and installed by means
of such prototypes, with the aim of studying the properties of
the BATMAN beam at Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik
(Garching bei München, Germany) [4]. This paper describes in
detail the design of mini-STRIKE and its functional tests and
is particularly concerned with the calorimetry of the copper
mask located in front of the tiles.
II. DESIGN
To investigate the vertical BATMAN beam homogeneity, the
final design of the mini-STRIKE used two tiles simultaneously
exposed to the beam [5]. The arrangement included a mask
with eight apertures, just in front of the prototypes at a
distance of 10 mm, to reproduce a SPIDER-like geometry
[5] since the system had to be installed at 1 m from the
source, where beamlets are almost completely overlapping.
The actively cooled copper mask is 10-mm thick.
A plate is required at the bottom to protect the tiles against
particles coming from a titanium pump located just below it.
Several position adjustments are present. The rear side of the
tiles is observed by a thermal camera (8–12 μm) mounted on
a viewport of the large vacuum flange, through a zinc selenide
window. A second porthole is dedicated to the extraction of
thermocouple signals and cooling tubes. Three thermocouples
are mounted at the rear side of the tile, to calibrate the thermal
camera. One further thermocouple is installed at the rear side
of the mask, in the proximity of the beam power density peak,
to monitor the copper temperature. N-type thermocouples have
been used.
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