Original Study Relationship of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 to Prognosis in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Figen Atalay, 1 Elif Birtas ¸ Ates ¸o glu, 2 Semsi Yıldız, 3 Tülin Firatlı-Tuglular, 4 Sema Karakus ¸, 5 Mahmut Bayık 6 Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PSGL-1 expression in the bone marrow and the known prognostic factors for multiple myeloma disease, disease stage, and survival. D162 staining and the staining degree, with the other standard immunohistochemical stains, were shown to be beneficial in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma disease. However, the results did not provide information about the disease course. Background: Changes occur in adhesion molecules in the disease course of multiple myeloma. P-selectin glyco- protein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, CD162) works as the ligand of selectin-neutrophil adhesion molecules. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PSGL-1 expression in the bone marrow and the known prognostic factors for multiple myeloma disease, disease stage, and survival. Materials and Methods: This research included 63 patients with multiple myeloma (26 women [41.3%]; 37 men [58.7%]). The bone marrow biopsy samples obtained at disease diagnosis for each patient were stained immunohistochemically in terms of CD162 expression using standard diagnostic immunohistochemical staining methods. The laboratory results, CD162 expression, overall survival, demographic characteristics of the disease, and the relationship between CD162 expression and the disease stage were evaluated. Results: Among the 63 patients included in the present study, the survival rate was 82.3% for 1 year, 73.2% for 2 years, 63.4% for 3 years, 51.7% for 4 years, 40.3% for 5 years, and 33.6% for 6 and 7 years. A statistically significant difference was not detected between the CD162 staining ratio and disease survival (P ¼ .232). A statistically significant difference was not detected between the CD162 staining degree and survival rate (P ¼ .184). However, the overall survival of the patients with no CD162 expression in the bone marrow was lower than that for the patients whose CD162 was stained 1, 2, and 3 degrees (12.33  11.49, 28.65  31.44, 37.25  29.32, and 47.92  45.29 months, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion: In the present study, CD162 staining and the staining degree, with the other standard immunohistochemical stains, were shown to be beneficial in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma disease. However, the results did not provide information about the disease course. Studies of a larger number of patients to examine P-selectin and interleukin-6 levels are needed to investigate the disease course. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia, Vol. 15, No. 3, 164-70 ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: CD162, Immunocytochemistry, Multiple myeloma, Prognosis, P-selectin ligand protein Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by skeletal system injury, renal insufficiency, anemia, and hyper- calcemia. 1 Although the mean survival was 2.5 years before 1997 with conventional treatment methods, it has increased to 4 years during the previous decade owing to novel treatment options. 2 recent developments have included the discovery of novel prog- nostic markers such as chromosome 13 deletion, t(4;14), and t(14;16). 3 Neoplastic cells will show a hyperdiploid karyotype or other structural abnormalities, together with rare translocations or nonhyperdiploid karyotypic changes and translocations involving 1 Department of Hematology, Baskent University School of Medicine, _ Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Hematology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey 3 Department of Pathology, Baskent University School of Medicine, _ Istanbul, Turkey 4 Department of Hematology, Marmara University School of Medicine, _ Istanbul, Turkey 5 Department of Hematology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 6 Department of Hematology, Academic Hospital, _ Istanbul, Turkey Submitted: Apr 28, 2014; Accepted: Sep 19, 2014; Epub: Sep 28, 2014 Address for correspondence: Figen Atalay, MD, Department of Hematology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Oymacı sok, No:7 Altunizade, Uskudar, Türkiye E-mail contact: f_noyan@yahoo.com 164 - Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia March 2015 2152-2650/$ - see frontmatter ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clml.2014.09.005