Research Article TFPPASV: A Three-Factor Privacy Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANETs Zongtao Duan , 1 Jabar Mahmood , 1 Yun Yang , 1 Michael Abebe Berwo , 1 Abd al Kader Ahmed Yassin , 2 Muhammad Nasir Mumtaz Bhutta , 3 and Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry 3,4 1 School of Information and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China 2 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University (MKU) Turkish-Hatay/Hassa-MYO Girne, 79 Sokak, Hassa 31700, Turkey 3 Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE 4 Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Nisantasi University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoYunYang;yangyun@chd.edu.cn Received 25 May 2022; Revised 6 August 2022; Accepted 12 August 2022; Published 30 September 2022 AcademicEditor:AnMinFu Copyright©2022ZongtaoDuanetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Avehicularadhocnetwork(VANET)isessentialfortheautonomousvehicleindustry,andwiththeadvancementinVANET technology,securitythreatsareincreasingrapidly.Mitigationofthesethreatsneedsanintelligentsecurityprotocolthatprovides unbreakablesecurity.Inrecenttimes,variousthree-factorauthenticationsolutionsforVANETwereintroducedthatadoptthe centralizedTrustedAuthority (TA),whichisresponsibleforassigningauthenticationparametersduringvehicleregistration,and theauthenticationprocessdependsontheseparameters.isarticlefirstexplainsthevulnerabilitiesoftherecentthree-factor(3F) authenticationschemepresentedbyXuetal.OuranalysisprovesthatifanRSUisdishonest,itcaneasilybypassthe TA andcan createasessionwithOBU.Furthermore,thispaperputsforwardanewschemethatprovidesthe3FauthenticationforVANETs (TFPPASV) to resist RSU from bypassing the TA and to offer user privacy. e proposed scheme fulfills the security and performance requirements of the VANET. We use BAN-Logic analysis to perform a formal security analysis of the proposed scheme,inadditiontotheinformalsecurityfeaturediscussion.Finally,wecomparethesecurityandperformanceoftheproposed TFPPASV with some recent and related schemes. 1. Introduction Due to its dynamic structure and related advantages in- cluding the realization of autonomous cars, increased road safety,congestionavoidance,andsoon,thevehicularadhoc networks (VANETs) are getting more popularity and are beingconsideredastheonlyvehicularnetworkstructureof thefuture.Inrecentyears,theroadtravelsafetyisalsobeing considered as most important factor for transportation industry and accordingly several technologies are being developed. A general model of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)[1–3]isgiveninFigure1.VANETisasubbranch of MANETs; intelligent transportation system (ITS) [4] provides support to manage transportation efficiently on roads.VANETconsistsofthreeparts[5].(i)On-boardunit (OBU) [6]:OBUisinstalledinsidethevehicleatthetimeof manufacture from the company side. e OBU stores the information related to vehicle identity, vehicle password, and other parameters necessary for registration and com- munication; without this confidential information, the ve- hiclecannotcommunicatetootherOBUsorroadsideunit (RSU) [2].OBUcommunicatestootherOBUsorRSUson the road using the dedicated short range communication (DSRC)protocol[7–9].(ii)RSUisfixedalongsidetheroad; RSU has more computational and communication power than OBU. RSU provides the facilities to OBUs to com- municatewithother OBUs ortocommunicatewithRSUvia DSRC. In addition, OBU wants to communicate with Hindawi Security and Communication Networks Volume 2022, Article ID 8259927, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8259927