Review Article Open Access
J Surgery
ISSN: 1584-9341 JOS, an open access journal
Volume 11 • Issue 3 • 1
Journal of Surgery
[Jurnalul de Chirurgie]
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ISSN: 1584-9341
Keywords: Cervical cancer; Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy;
Robotic surgery hysterectomy
Introduction
In the early 1990s, the laparoscopic approach in uterine cervical
cancer has started to become quite popular among oncologist surgeons
in order to minimize postoperative morbidity. When a new surgical
technique is taken into consideration or suggested, it is compared
with the standard therapy hitherto. Important issues to be taken into
account include the feasibility and applicability of the new technique,
intraoperative and postoperative complications and in oncological
cases, survival and risk of recurrence.
Gold standard for uterine cervical cancer in the early stages was
abdominal radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for
more than 100 years. Tis technique, described for the frst time
Wertheim, Meigs subsequently underwent some changes. Te frst
laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed and published in 1989 [1],
but the frst laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with pelvic and para-
aortic lymphadenectomy in a patient with cervical cancer stage IA2 was
performed by Nezha et al. in June 1989 and reported in 1992 [2]. Since
then, it has been reported in the literature over 1000 cases [3].
Laparoscopic Surgery versus Open Surgery in Uterine
Cervical Cancer
Initially used for diagnostic, laparoscopy has become a method of
treatment in the feld of gynecological surgery, but also in many other
feld. Te results of laparoscopic surgery are now comparable with
those obtained by laparotomy in benign and malignant pathologies.
Te most important advantages of the laparoscopic technique include
more pleasing cosmetic appearance, or minimum parietal infectious
complications, low incidence of adhesion formation, low cost
associated with hospitalization and recovery period smaller resumption
of daily activities in a shorter period [4]. In a study comparing the two
surgical techniques, the results show an average of operating time
with signifcant diferences statistically 231.7 minutes for cases treated
laparoscopically and 207 minutes to classical surgery, which can be
explained by the fact that laparoscopic hysterectomies implemented
quite recently requires a learning curve. Te surgeons will become
more familiar with laparoscopic procedure; the operative time is
expected to become shorter. Intraoperative blood loss was lower in the
laparoscopy (161.1 ml) compared with the traditional method (394.4
ml), with blood transfusions in 3 patients. Postoperative complications,
represented mostly wound infections were recorded only in the group
that received radical abdominal hysterectomy. Te hospital stay was
less in laparoscopic interventions (mean=2.9 days) compared with the
second procedure (mean=5.5 days) [5].
Perino et al. reported similar results for the same parameters for
laparoscopic hysterectomies: less hospitalization period (mean=2.4
days versus 6.2 days), minimal intraoperative bleeding (140.0 ml vs
406.0 ml) [6].
A randomized, multicenter study including 116 patients
demonstrated that laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy can be
performed in a similar operating time classic surgery with intraoperative
blood loss less and a relatively shorter period of hospitalization
(p<0.01). Postoperative pain, another important parameter discussed,
is lower for the frst 3 days of laparoscopy versus open surgery (p<0.5)
[7].
In 2010, Naik et al. published a randomized trial comparing
laparoscopic-assisted vaginal radical hysterectomy with abdominal
radical hysterectomy in a group of 13 patients (7 patients receiving
laparoscopic technique, 6 patients classical intervention) diagnosed
with cervical cancer in stage IB1 with a follow-up period of 20
months. Te results from minimally invasive and traditional method
are statistically signifcant for the following parameters: catheter
maintenance, 4 days versus 21 days, intraoperative blood loss of 400 ml
versus 1000 ml, length of stay, less need for analgesics lower. Vaginal
*Corresponding author: Nicolae Ioanid, MD, Str. General Berthlot 2-4, Regional
Cancer Institute Iași, First Oncologic Surgery Clinic Iași, Romania, Tel: +40 (0) 740 619
863; E-mail: n_ioanid@yahoo.com
Received June 02, 2015; Accepted July 15, 2015; Published July 20, 2015
Citation: Gavrilescu MM, Todosi AM, Ioanid N, Scripcariu V. Minimally Invasive
Surgery: A New Approach for Uterine Cervical Cancer. Journal of Surgery [Jurnalul
de chirurgie]. 2015; 11(3): 93-97 DOI:10.7438/1584-9341-11-3-1
Copyright: © 2015 Gavrilescu MM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Initially used for diagnostic, laparoscopy has become a method of treatment in the feld of gynecological surgery, but
also in many other felds. The results of laparoscopic surgery are now comparable with those obtained by laparotomy
in benign and malignant pathologies. Laparoscopy provides improved results in the short term and at least equivalent
results in terms of long-term recurrence when compared with open surgery. Robotic-assisted laparoscopy was
performed to prevent the disadvantages of conventional laparoscopy. It emerged as a revolutionary technology and
has spread in less than a decade in many surgical felds, including urology, cardiothoracic surgery, pediatric surgery
and general surgery. Minimally invasive techniques provide a lower rate of complications during surgery as compared
to open surgery, which is appropriate tissue due to handling and better anatomical views. Laparoscopic treatment of
cervical cancer provides benefts on increasing comfort with decreased convalescence time, but these cases should be
reserved for surgeons with extensive experience in laparoscopic procedures. One of the most important advantages of
minimally invasive surgical techniques is the short duration of hospitalization.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: A New Approach for Uterine Cervical Cancer
Mihaela Mădălina Gavrilescu
1
, Ana-Maria Todosi
1
, Nicolae Ioanid
2*
and Viorel Scripcariu
1
1
First Oncologic Surgery Clinic, Regional Cancer Institute, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași, Romania
2
Oncologic Gynecology Unit, Regional Cancer Institute, Iași, Romania