Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020; 10(4): 88-95
88
Effect of Selected Plant Extracts on Plaque Associated Bacterial
Isolates and LC-MS/MS based Characterization of their Bioactive
Compounds
Apoorva Udayashankara, Hemavathy E., Tessy Anu Thomas, K. Manjunath
*
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
Address for Correspondence: K. Manjunath, ushamanjunath58@rediffmail.com ; apoorvaudayashankar@gmail.com
Received:
03.12.2019
Accepted:
01.05.2020
Published:
20.12.2020
Keywords
Oral isolates,
antibacterial
activity, column
chromatography,
LCMS/MS,
Naringin.
INTRODUCTION
Oral health is the reflection of our total body health. The
human microbiome is a very complex yet a stable
environment, harboring a diverse range of microorganisms
from viruses to protozoan [1]. In spite of the presence of
antibacterial agents like lysozyme and lactoperoxidase in our
saliva, the oral microorganisms are able to colonize and turn
pathogenic under favorable conditions [2].
Dental caries and periodontal infections are the most common
dental diseases. Fermentation of the dietary carbohydrates by
the oral microorganisms results in acidic end products, which
cause the dissolution of the tooth enamel surface, resulting in
caries commonly caused by Streptococcus mutans and
Lactobacilli sp. It is the plaque that is the primary etiological
agent of caries. Plaque is a biofilm formed by the various inter
and intra species interactions within the host, which allows the
microbes to adhere and colonize on the tooth surface firmly.
Most often, this biofilm is harmless, but when bacterial and
environmental conditions prevent equilibrium, caries and
periodontal disease followed by endodontic infection may
occur [3]. Periodontal disease is characterized by the
degeneration and inflammation of gums and includes
gingivitis and periodontitis. The most common pathogens
involved here are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella
INDO GLOBAL JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
ISSN 2249- 1023
ABSTRACT: Oral health is an integral part of well-being and plants have a huge contribution in the
maintenance of oral health and hygiene. We report in this work for the first time, the potent antibacterial
activity of methanolic leaf extract of Citrus maxima against the plaque associated bacterial isolates and have
identified the bioactive compound responsible for its activity. In this study, four plants Saraca asoca (Sc),
Cassia tora (Ct), Ricinus communis (Rc) and Citrus maxima (Cm) claiming their traditional use in maintaining
oral hygiene were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. Four bacterial
strains namely, Bacillus paramycoides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and
Enterobacter hormaechei were isolated and identified from the patients with visible plaque. Isolates were
tested for their antibiotic sensitivity using Hexa discs and all were found to be sensitive to Gentamicin at
10mcg, showing an average inhibition of 30mm inhibition zone. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts
was screened against the four oral isolates by agar well diffusion method at 100 mg/ml and 25mg/ml
concentration where Cm was found to be effective against all the four oral isolates with an average zone of
inhibition of 10mm at 25mg/ml concentration. In order to identify the bioactive compound responsible for its
activity, Cm leaf extract was subjected to TLC, Column chromatography and the eluted fractions were
screened for their antibacterial potential against the isolates at 10mg/ml concentration wherein the second
fraction was found to be effective and hence was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis to identify the bioactive
compound. The bioactive compound was identified as Naringin, belonging to the class of flavonoids. © 2020
iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved.
Cite this article as: Udayashankara, A.; Hemavathy, E.; Thomas, T.A.; Manjunath, K. Effect of selected plant
extracts on plaque associated bacterial isolates and LC-MS/MS based characterization of their bioactive
compounds. Indo Global J. Pharm. Sci., 2020; 10(4): 88-95. DOI: http://doi.org/10.35652/IGJPS.2020.104012
.