International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | February 2021 | Vol 9 | Issue 2 Page 325 International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Tela UM et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2021 Feb;9(2):325-329 www.msjonline.org pISSN 2320-6071 | eISSN 2320-6012 Original Research Article Audit of lower urinary tract endoscopic procedures in Borno, North-Eastern Nigeria Usman M. Tela 1 *, Abdu M. Lawn 1 , Ahmed A. Mohammed 2 , Hassan M. Dogo 1 , Bukhari A. Ghide 2 INTRODUCTION Endourology is an important component of standard urological practice globally. 1 The developed world have enormously advanced in minimal access surgery, which is a gold standard in current urological practice. Impact, no surgical speciality has been more radically changed by the advent of endoscopy than urology. 2 In developing countries like Nigeria, although slow, but progressive development in endourology has been observed in a previous study. 3 Endourological practice is low in our country due to deficiency of equipment, personnel, and funding, particularly in the typical public hospitals, and where it is readily available at private practice, the average Nigerian cannot afford the exuberant cost of this services at private setting. 4 Anatomically, the lower urinary tract (LUT) comprises of the bladder and urethra in both sex. Although the prostate and seminal vesicles in the male are not strictly involved in the conduction of urine from the bladder to the 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria 2 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria Received: 06 January 2021 Accepted: 21 January 2021 *Correspondence: Dr. Usman M. Tela, E-mail: umtela@yahoo.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Background: Endourology which includes lower urinary tract (LUT) endoscopy, is an important component of standard urological practice worldwide. The objective of our study was to audit the LUT endoscopic procedures performed in Borno, a state in north-eastern Nigeria and share our experience. Methods: We, retrospectively reviewed the Lower urinary Tract endoscopies performed in Borno state over 9 years, from January 2012 to December 2020. Data related to LUT endoscopies were extracted from the patients’ clinical notes and operation theatre registers of the 2 focused hospitals in Borno where endourology procedures were performed (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital and Royal specialist hospital maiduguri) and then analyzed. Urology patients who did not undergone LUT endoscopy were excluded. Results: We analyzed the data of total sum of 201 patients for the 2 hospitals, which represented the sample size for the study. Mean age of patients was 47.2years, with male to female ratio of 3.5:1. Bladder tumor with or without haematuria (31.3%) was the commonest indication for LUT endoscopy, seconded by removal of ureteric double J stents (23.4%). Urethrocystoscopy (74.0%) was the commonest procedure performed predominantly under local anaesthesia, for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Conclusions: We reported LUT endoscopies in Borno which was commonly indicated in bladder tumors presenting with or without haematuria. Urethrocystoscopy is the commonest procedure. As we get more endourology equipment in the public hospital many of our patients will benefit from these minimally invasive procedures in both lower and upper urinary tract diseases. Keywords: Endoscopy, Endourology, Lower urinary tract, Urethrocystoscopy DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210405