1612 https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/index
Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022 Oct 01; 10(E):1612-1616.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9601
eISSN: 1857-9655
Category: E - Public Health
Section: Public Health Education and Training
Studying the Opinions of Medical Workers about Preconception
Care
Yuliya Podilyakina
1
*, Dusentay Kulov
1
, Zhanna Amirbekova
2
, Rasa Stundžienė
3
, Elena Drobchenko
4
, Tleuzhan Abugalieva
5
1
School of Public Health and Biomedicine, National Join-stock Company “Karaganda Medical University”, Karagandy,
Kazakhstan;
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Join-stock Company “Karaganda Medical University”,
Karagandy, Kazakhstan;
3
Department of Nursing, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania;
4
Department of Informatics and
Biostatistics, National Join-stock Company “Karaganda Medical University”, Karagandy, Kazakhstan; 5Department of Family
Medicine, National Join-stock Company “Karaganda Medical University”, Karagandy, Kazakhstan
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A high level of knowledge of medical personnel and confdence in the ongoing preconception care
activities can have a positive impact on public health in general.
AIM: The aim of the study was to study the opinion of medical personnel (doctors and nurses) on the methods
of preconception care and measures to improve the provision of medical care before conception in Kazakhstan
(Karaganda region).
METHODS: The data obtained during the study were subjected to statistical processing by the method of
variation statistics using the free version of the EPI InfoTM program. The arithmetic mean (M) and standard
deviation (±SD) were calculated for quantitative indicators, the data were presented as M ± SD. The Krusk–Wallis
test (H test) was used to compare means. Absolute (n) and relative (%) values describe qualitative variables. χ2
was used to compare frequencies and qualitative variables. The critical signifcance level when testing statistical
hypotheses was taken as 0.05. In the Karaganda region, a survey was conducted among doctors of the specialty
general practitioner, general practitioner/family doctor, obstetrician-gynecologist, and nursing staf. The survey
was aimed at identifying the knowledge of health professionals about preconception care and at identifying
barriers and factors preventing preconception care. Three hundred and sixty-fve doctors and 375 nurses/
midwives took part in the survey.
RESULTS: Medical staf were asked to fll out a questionnaire, which addressed issues related to the ways of
providing PC, barriers to the implementation of PC. 40% (n = 292) of respondents noted that preconception
care should be carried out by specialists from the family planning ofce. About 24.3% (n = 180) do not conduct
conversations on preconception care due to lack of time, knowledge, a clear algorithm for conducting PC, and
because they do not consider it their functional duty.
CONCLUSION: Measures were proposed to improve the level of provision of preconception training in the Republic
of Kazakhstan.
Edited by: Ksenija Bogoeva-Kostovska
Citation: Podilyakina Y, Kulov D, Amirbekova Z,
Stundžienė R, Drobchenko E, Abugalieva T. Studying
the Opinions of Medical Workers about Preconception
Care. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Oct 01;
10(E):1612-1616.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9601
Keywords: Preconception care; Medical workers; Public
responsibility; Implementation
*Correspondence: Yuliya Podilyakina, School of Public
Health and Biomedicine, National Join-Stock Company,
Karaganda Medical University, Karagandy, Kazakhstan.
E-mail: podilyakina@inbox.ru
Received: 30-Mar-2022
Revised: 19-Aug-2022
Accepted: 23-Sep-2022
Copyright: © 2022 Yuliya Podilyakina, Dusentay
Kulov, Zhanna Amirbekova, Rasa Stundžienė, Elena
Drobchenko, Tleuzhan Abugalieva
Funding: This research did not receive any fnancial
support
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no
competing interests exist
Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Introduction
In 2012, the World Health Organization noted
that about 15 million babies are born each year as a
result of preterm birth [1].
It has been established that many risk factors for
perinatal mortality, morbidity, as well as preterm birth and
related diseases in adulthood originate in the periconception
period – the period before and shortly after conception [2].
Lifestyle changes during the periconception
period present opportunities to prevent later risks.
Preconception care reduces the risks of developing
pathologies on the part of the health of the future
ofspring, since it is provided even before risk factors
can have a negative impact on the developing fetus.
Another factor in favor of preconception care is that
the most critical stages of embryonic development
– organogenesis and placentation occur in the frst
trimester of pregnancy and lifestyle changes already
during pregnancy make an insignifcant contribution to
the birth of a healthy child than a competent approach
in preparing for pregnancy [3].
There are quite a few studies that note the
impact of an unhealthy lifestyle before or during
pregnancy (alcohol, smoking, psychoactive substances,
etc.) on the course of pregnancy and the birth of a
healthy child [4], [5].
Preconception health professionals (general
practitioners, obstetricians, midwives, and other health
professionals) can signifcantly infuence the use of
opportunities to prepare couples for pregnancy [6], [7]. In
the Republic of Kazakhstan, preconception counseling
is provided by obstetrician-gynecologists, general
practitioners/family doctors, nursing staf, and
specialists in family planning ofces [8].
Since 2002