Research Article
Using the Logistic Map as Compared to the Cubic Map to Show the
Convergence and the Relaxation of the Period–1 Fixed Point
Patrick Akwasi Anamuah Mensah ,
1
William Obeng-Denteh ,
2
Ibrahim Issaka,
2
Kwasi Baah Gyamfi,
2
and Joshua Kiddy K. Asamoah
2
1
St. Ambrose College of Education, Dormaa Akwamu, Ghana
2
Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Correspondence should be addressed to Patrick Akwasi Anamuah Mensah; nanaamonoo12@yahoo.com and
William Obeng-Denteh; wobengdenteh@gmail.com
Received 19 May 2022; Accepted 20 June 2022; Published 7 July 2022
Academic Editor: Harvinder S. Sidhu
Copyright © 2022 Patrick Akwasi Anamuah Mensah et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
In this paper, we employ the logistic map and the cubic map to locate the relaxation and the convergence to the periodic fixed
point of a system, specifically, the period—1 fixed point. e study has shown that the period—1 fixed point of a logistic map
as a recurrence has its convergence at a transcritical bifurcation having its power-law fit with exponent β − 1 when α 1
and μ 0. e cubic map shows its convergence to the fixed point at a pitchfork bifurcation decaying at a power law with
exponent β −(1/2) α 1 and μ 0. However, the system shows their relaxation time at the same power law with exponents
and z − 1.
1. Introduction
1.1. Preliminary. In dynamical systems, the most frequent
map or function that has been extensively studied is the one-
dimensional logistic map [1]. In many studies, the effects of
the control parameters when changed shows a change in
behavior (asymptotic behavior) of the orbits or trajectories of
the map. e transition process of the logistic map shows the
cascades of period-doubling bifurcation leading to chaos
[2, 3]. Reference [4] asserted that the structural changes in the
trajectory or orbit of a given system are termed bifurcation
and it was first used in a work by Henri Poincare. In a
dynamical system, bifurcation appears when there is a change
in parameters that affects the structural system [5]. Bifur-
cation is very important in dynamics since the structural
change of a system in its behavior or nature is core in its
studies. e study of stability (attractors) and instability
(repeller) happens when there is bifurcation [6]. In the dy-
namical system, the bifurcation diagram helps one to un-
derstand the behavior of the system either in its fixed points,
stability, periodicity, etc., for instance, when the parameter in
the system is varied the system changes affecting its stability.
e system may be in equilibrium states when the bifurcation
of the system is in one dimension, hence local bifurcation.
Local bifurcation as stated by [7, 8] occurs when the points in
the neighborhood are in equilibrium, and there are three
main types/forms of bifurcation are Saddle-node, pitchfork,
and transcritical see [6, 9]. Within the neighborhood [0, 1] of
a system, the bifurcation of the map is dependent on the
parameter as we keep on varying and iterating it through/
within the neighborhood, see [10, 11]. When the parameter
of the system passes its critical value, the type of bifurcation is
flipped as a result of a loss of stability of the periodic orbit
[10]. e flip bifurcation as cited by [9, 11] is locally su-
percritical when the period of the parameter value is double
with stable periodic orbits. It is locally subcritical when the
periodic orbit is unstable with twice the period of the pa-
rameter value as the critical values show a new one.
A point exhibits some sort of recurrence behavior when
the dynamical system returns the point to itself or to a
Hindawi
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Volume 2022, Article ID 1255614, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1255614