* To whom all correspondence should be addressed. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, March 2017. Vol. 11(1), p. 367-370 Genotypic and Phenotypic Path Analysis for Yield and Yield Components in Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) Shweta Kademani, U.V. Mummigatti and Renuka Herakal University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, India. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.11.1.47 (Received: 18 April 2016; accepted: 20 June 2016) Groundnut is known to be “king of oilseed crop” also referred as peanut or monkey-nut (Arachis hypogea) belongs to the family leguminoceae. A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2010 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. 268 Recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) were developed from the cross TAG 24 x GPBD 4. Path analysis was helped to study the extent and nature of direct and indirect effects of yield contributing characters and developmental traits on pod yield. The characters which had positive direct effect with high magnitude were oil content and test weight. The characters which had positive direct effect with lower magnitude were seed phosphorous content and shelling percentage at phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis indicated that test weight had direct effect and indirect effect on pod yield. Keywords: Groundnut, seed phosphorous content, yield. Groundnut also referred as peanut or monkey-nut ( Arachis hypogea ) is the most important oilseed crop of tropical subtropical and temperate regions of the world. India ranks second in the world in groundnut production. It is a valuable cash crop cultivated by millions of small farmers, because of its economic and nutritional value. It is an annual legume crop, grown mainly for quality edible oil (40- 50%) and easily digestible protein (25%) in the seeds. Pod growth and development occupy an important position in determining the final quality and economic yield in groundnut crop. It is known as “king of oilseed crop” is believed to be native of Brazil (South America) and belongs to the family leguminoceae and sub-family papilionaceae and it is self- pollinated. The role of seed phosphorus is that a plant seed contains a store of the nutrients necessary to keep its embryo alive and to provide the embryo with essential nutrient elements when it germinates and starts to grow. Seed phosphorus directly effects plant shoot and root growth only during the early stages of growth of the embryo and the seedling (Mike Bolland et al., 2006). Variability studies are the basic studies to assess the genotypes for their variation in quantitative and qualitative characters. The extent of the genetic and non-genetic components of variation formulates proper breeding programme to reach the goal. More variability in characters indicates the scope for selection of genotypes for further genetic studies (Khote et al ., 2009). Recently, it has been indicated that there is a variation in seed P content in groundnut genotypes (Gupta et al., 2010).