~ 1658 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(4): 1658-1660 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2018; 6(4): 1658-1660 © 2018 IJCS Received: 04-05-2018 Accepted: 09-06-2018 Manjunatha K PhD scholar, Dept. of Anatomy, veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India KV Jamuna Professor, Department of Anatomy, veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India RV Prasad Professor and Head, Dept. of Anatomy, veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India HD Narayanaswamy Vice-Chancellor, KVAFSU, Bidar, Karnataka, India Jagadeesh S Sanganal Associate Professor, LRIC, (Deoni), Bidar, Karnataka Girish MH Asst. Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Veterinary College, Bengaluru Correspondence Manjunatha K PhD scholar, Dept. of Anatomy, veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Histological study of nasal cavity in pigs Manjunatha K, KV Jamuna, RV Prasad, HD Narayanaswamy, Jagadeesh S Sanganal and Girish MH Abstract The present study was carried as a part of PhD programme in Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka. The histological studies conducted on nasal cavity of 10 adult healthy pigs. Revealed vestibular, respiratory and olfactory regions. The smallest vestibular region was lined by stratified squamous epithelium and its propria submucosa contained hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, venous caverns, mucous and serous glands. The respiratory region was lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium and its propria submucosa had mucous glands increased rostro-caudally the olfactory region was lined with the olfactory epithelium and contained mucous type of Bowman's glands and increased number of nerve bundles. Keywords: Nasal cavity, nasal turbinates, vestibular, respiratory, olfactory, pig Introduction Pigs have been proposed as an ideal animal model for human organ transplats because the anatomy and physiology of the porcine respiratory tract are more similar to humans than that of rodent models (Cunningham et al., 2002) [3] . In particular, the sinonasal anatomy and airway cell biology of pigs are similar to that of humans. The nasal cavity not only serves as the principal organ for the sense of smell, but it also functions to efficiently filter, warm, and humidify the inhaled air before it enters the more delicate distal tracheobronchial airways and alveolar parenchyma of the lung. The nasal passages have been described as an efficient “scrubbing tower” for the respiratory tract because it effectively absorbs water-soluble and reactive gases and vapors, traps inhaled particles, and metabolizes airborne xenobiotics. With its role as an “air conditioner” and a “defender” of the lower respiratory tract. Upper airway apparatus is one of the first lines of defense against inhaled pathogens, dusts, and irritant gases, toxicant-induced compromises in its defense capabilities could lead to increased nasal infections and increased susceptibility to lower respiratory tract diseases (Lunney, J.K 2007) [10] . The histology of nasal cavity has been studied in cattle (Pass et al., 1971, Adams, 1986) [11, 1] , buffalo (Gupta et al., 1994) [5] , goat (Kumar et al., 1992, 1993) [6, 7] , dog (Kumar et al., 1994) [8] , camel (Badawi and Bab, 1974, Suman et al., 1998) [2, 10, 12] horse (Kumar et al., 2000) and sheep (Ganganaik et al., 2004) [4] . The paucity of literature and recent interest in use of intranasal vaccines and pharmaceuticals has evoked a need for detailed exploration of the histomorphological studies of nasal cavity. Hence, a complete study and understanding of histology of nasal cavity of adult pigs was under taken. Materials and Method The present study was carried out in Department of Anatomy Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka. The present study was conducted on 10 adult local cross bred pigs of either sex. The heads were procured from local slaughter house immediately after slaughter and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for one week. Once the heads were fixed they were split into two equal halves and tissues of interest from nostrils, nasal turbinates and ethmoturbinate were collected. Both nasal and ethmoturbinates were decalcified using formic acid and sodium citrate solution for a period of 24 hrs and processed as per the routine paraffin technique for histological study (Luna, 1968) [9] . The paraffin sections of 5-6 μ were cut and stained by routine Harris’ hematoxylin and eosin method and vangeison for collagen (Luna, 1968) [9] .