ISSN 0097-8078, Water Resources, 2010, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 854–861. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010.
Original Russian Text © A.P. Khaustov, M.M. Redina, 2010, published in Vodnye Resursy, 2010, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 730–738.
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INTRODUCTION
Russian water legislation has been appreciably
altered in recent years. Thus, the introduction of the
new Water Code in 2006 caused difficulties in the use
of earlier regulations governing the impact on water
bodies and environmental standardization in the
sphere of water use as a whole. The most complicated
problems related to the regulation of use and protec-
tion of subsurface hydrosphere resources. The very few
(relative to documents dealing with surface water pro-
tection) and often systemless normative and legislative
acts in this field practically “lost the support” of the
Water Code, since it gives very little attention to the
issues of groundwater use and protection. The Under-
ground Resources Law adopted as long ago as 1992
also contains too few information about groundwater
use, and even this has very general form. A new version
of the law has not been adopted by now and would
hardly introduce any considerable corrections in the
current situation with groundwater use and protec-
tion. This is primarily due to the problems of forma-
tion of the regulatory framework for subsurface hydro-
sphere, which are discussed in [9, 10].
No doubt, this gap should be filled. Of great inter-
est in this context is the experience of European coun-
tries in the harmonizing water legislation, adapting the
legal framework to the new unified requirements, and
developing new approaches to the use and protection
of groundwater against depletion and pollution. Works
along this line have been in progress over 10 years. The
basic documents (EU directives) that have been devel-
oped and introduced into practice will be analyzed in
this paper (review).
GEOHYDROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY USED
IN REGULATORY DOCUMENTS ABROAD
Note that in addition to the development of new
regulatory documents, an important problem is to
unify terminology. Clearly, both legal practice and the
practice of water use in different countries can be rad-
ically different in different countries. In this context,
the development of joint (unified) normative and leg-
islative documents requires the formation of a com-
mon approach to the interpretation of the terms. A
spectacular example of such complicated process is
the adaptation of international standards of environ-
mental management in Russia. The first such standard
(ISO 14001) appeared abroad in 1996, while the adap-
tation (in simpler words, the preparation of an intelli-
gible translation adequate to the Russian practice of
environmental management) of this document took
several years. Upon the adoption of the second gener-
ation of standards, the translation of some key notions
was changed, and the practice of environmental man-
agement in Russia also moved nearer to international
approaches. These changes allow such documents to
be taken more adequately.
In this context, some terminological features of the
documents reviewed here should be analyzed. Some
terms used by European geohydrologists are not in
wide use in Russian special literature, so it is necessary
to interpret them before considering the documents
themselves.
A key objective in water use regulation in foreign
documents is the achievement of a “good condition of
water bodies,” by which is meant their general state
when equilibrium is attained between variations and
anthropogenic impact, on the one hand, and the eco-
logical functions of water, on the other hand [10, 14].
WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT:
ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS
European Experience in Environmental Regulations
for Groundwater Use
A. P. Khaustov and M. M. Redina
Russian Peoples Friendship University, Podol’skoe shosse 8/5, 115093 Russia
Received April 20, 2009
Abstract—European experience in the groundwater use regulations is considered using the case of FRG,
where such regulations are based on quality standards and quantitative characteristics of impact on ground-
water and surface water and landscape features. Basic documents verified in the water use management sys-
tem in EU are used.
Keywords: subsurface hydrosphere, water use, pollution, environmental standardization, ecological regula-
tions.
DOI: 10.1134/S0097807810060114