Volume 7 • Issue 2 • 1000239 Cardiovasc Pharm Open Access journal ISSN: 2329-6607 Open Access Tsenum, Cardiovasc Pharm Open Access 2018, 7:2 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000239 Research Article Open Access Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Open Access C a r d i o v a s c u l a r P h a r m a c o l o g y : O p e n A c c e s s ISSN: 2329-6607 Keywords: Diabetes; Hyperlipidemia; Solanum incanum; Glibenclamide; Alloxan monohydrate Introduction Background of the study Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin defciency in tum leads to chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism [1]. Experimental diabetes in animals provided a considerable insight into the physiologic and biochemical derangements of the diabetes state. Studies have shown that individuals with diabetes have a higher incidence of liver and kidney function abnormalities, as well as formation of free radicals due to glucose oxidative, non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins and subsequent oxidative degradation of glycated proteins, leading to a decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms and damage of cellular organelles and enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation and development of insulin [2]. It is a long term chronic condition that causes high blood sugar levels. It is one of the common metabolic disorders with micro and macrovascular complications that results in signifcant morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity or both and include a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrates, fats and protein metabolism [3]. It is considered as one of the fve leading causes of death in the world [4,5]. It is recognized as a global epidemic by the world health organization [6]. Diabetes mellitus occur throughout the world and research has shown that its prevalence was higher and common in developed countries than in the developing countries in the mid ‘90s [7]. Globally as of 2010, an estimated 285 million people had diabetes [8]. In 2013, according to International Diabetes Federation, an estimated 381 million people had diabetes [9]. Its prevalence is increasing rapidly and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Solanum incanum on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats Tsenum JL* Makurdi College of Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abuja, Nigeria Abstract The effect of orally administered aqueous fruit extract of Solanum incanum on serum lipid profle of Wistar Albino rats were determined. Twelve male and female Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups of three rats each, following acclimatization to laboratory and handling conditions. Diabetes was induced with a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg) body weight and plasma glucose was taken 72 h after induction to confrm diabetes. The normal control was not induced. Animals in group a (normal control) and B (diabetic) were administered 0.5 ml of normal saline respectively. Group C was administered with 10 mg/kg weight of glibenclamide and group D was administered 500 mg/kg body weight of aqueous Solanum incanum extract. Extract administration lasted for fourteen days. Water and feeds were allowed ad libitum. After the two weeks treatment with the plant extract, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for lipid profle analysis by standard methods and enzyme kits. At the end of week two, the lipid profle of all groups were signifcantly different. The result on lipid profle showed that the extract treated group was signifcantly lower (P>0.05) in TC, TAG and VLDL as compared to diabetic control but signifcantly higher (P<0.05) in HDL and LDL as compared to diabetic control. The glibenclamide treated group was signifcantly lower (P>0.05) in TAG, I-ID L, and VLDL as compared to the diabetic control but signifcantly higher (P<0.05) in TC and LDL as compared to diabetic control. However, the extract was observed to have a high signifcant level of TC, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL compared to the Normal control. Result on weight showed a signifcant difference at week and week 2. Antihypercholesterolemic and antihypertigliceridemic effect were observed in this result. Results suggest that Solanum incanum has hypolipidemic effect and therefore makes it benefcial in the dietary management of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes and that its consumptions are safe for humans. *Corresponding author: Joseph Luper Tsenum, Makurdi College of Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abuja, Nigeria, Tel: +2348160457248/ +2347058245055; Fax: 08160457248; E-mail: tsenumjosephluper@gmail.com Received April 17, 2018; Accepted April 25, 2018; Published April 30, 2018 Citation: Tsenum JL (2018) Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Solanum incanum on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats. Cardiovasc Pharm Open Access 7: 239. doi: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000239 Copyright: © 2018 Tsenum JL. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. by 2030, this number is estimated to almost double [10]. It is worry some to note that the major part of this numerical increase is expected to occur in developing countries where there is rapid urbanization, nutrition transition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles [11]. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus usually experience heart failure which indicates that hyperglycemia maybe responsible for the disease [12]. Hyperglycemia produces symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. It is also associated with long term damage and failure of various organs such as eyes, kidney, liver, nerves, heart and blood vessels. Diabetes mellitus is associated with alteration in the plasma lipid and lipoprotein profle [13]. Current interest in the search for appropriate agents in the management of diabetes is therefore focused on traditional medicinal plants. Natural herbs are plants or plants part used for its scent, favor or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicines maintain and improve health and they do not go through the testing that chemotherapeutic agents go through. Secondly, the plants by means of secondary metabolism, contain a variety of phytochemical ingredients that are thought to act on a variety of targets by various modes and mechanisms [14] as expected from its pathogenicity. Unlike chemotherapeutic agents, however, herbal remedies have been reported to be nontoxic, accessible