Abstract: In the current paper we share our six years of
experience and examine an integrated contact- and e-
learning course in managerial psychology for engineering
students. To better understand the effectiveness of
combining various didactic methods, including e-learning,
the engineering students’ (N=796) feedback on the course
was analyzed. Our study focuses on the face-to-face lecture
and the e-lecture, employing either the digital teaching
tools on CD-ROMs or web-based e-lectures. We failed to
find any statistically significant difference between these
two types of lectures in the students’ assessment. The
analysis of the feedback suggests that the engineering
students generally have a highly positive attitude towards
integrating contact- and e-learning courses. The findings
indicate that successful e-learning takes place within a
complex system involving various didactical methods of
teaching.
I. INTRODUCTION
E-learning
E-learning is used as an umbrella term to refer to computer-
enhanced learning. It may include the use of web-based
teaching materials and hypermedia in general, multimedia CD-
ROMs or web sites, discussion boards, e-mailing, computer
aided assessments, simulations, games etc, with possibly a
combination of various methods. Especially in higher
education, there is an increasing tendency towards employing
e-learning - the explosive rate of growth, now about 25 per cent
a year, has made e-learning one of the most popular and widely
used learning methods in universities worldwide. By 2003,
more than 1.9 million students were participating in online
learning at institutions of higher education in the USA
according to a report of the Sloan Consortium [22], an
authoritative source of information about online higher
education. It is a common understanding [7, 23] that the
advantages of e-learning include flexibility and greater
adaptability to the learner's needs. On the other hand, the most
often listed critical disadvantage of e-learning is lack of human
interaction as the lecturer is cut out from the teaching process.
Lecture and e-lecture
A lecture is an oral presentation given, for example, by an
academic aimed at teaching students a particular subject. It has
been maintained and also supported by prominent researchers
[3, 4] that such a didactic method as lecturing is not the most
effective teaching method. Though lectures are much
criticized, universities have not yet found practical alternative
teaching methods for the large majority of their courses.
Lectures are used to convey critical information, history,
background, theories and equations. Many authors have noted
that the method of lecturing is justified if the objective is to
present a difficult to obtain or difficult to systematise material
to large groups of students [4, 5]. Critics point out that
lecturing is mainly a method of one-way communication that
does not involve significant audience participation. Therefore,
Bligh argues [2] that lecturing "represent a conception of
education in which teachers who know give knowledge to
students who do not and are therefore supposed to have nothing
worth contributing." Based on his review of numerous studies,
he concludes that lecturing is not more effective or less
effective than any other teaching method intended for
disseminating information.
The e-lecture is a lecture delivered via electronic mail to
networked individual computers. Usually, the lecturer stands in
a room and gives information relevant to the lecture's content.
In case of the e-lecture, we move the ordinary lecturing
situation to the web environment simulating a real face-to-face
lecture as naturally as possible.
The digital teaching tool can be an interactive course module
or an interactive part of a course containing pictures, videos,
animations or discussion boards. In our course, the digital
teaching tool was a special unit of a specific topic and included
e-lectures (video-based lectures); the slides used during the
lectures and teaching materials for students were also added to
the tool. Each digital teaching tool was saved on a CD-ROM; it
covered a specific topic of the course. On the other hand, each
unit of the digital teaching tools was a part of a managerial
psychology course as well. In 2000, we decided that it was an
appropriate name for our work because it was a material object
(CD-ROMs) as well as a tool for digital or virtual teaching.
In the very first year of this century, we did not know much
about the positive or negative outcomes of e-learning. There
was already some expertise at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and the first attempts at introducing such teaching
tools were made at several European universities, but there was
no really serious research in the method itself. Moreover, there
was not much knowledge about how to adapt pedagogical and
Integrated Contact- and E-learning Course in Managerial
Psychology for Engineering Students
Jüri Ilvest Jr.
PE Consult Ltd., Estonia
jyrijr@pekosult.ee
Mare Teichmann
Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
M. Iskander (ed.), Innovations in E-learning, Instruction Technology, Assessment, and Engineering Education,
© 2007 Springer.
243–247.
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