American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (7): 1383-1388, 2016
ISSN 1818-6769
© IDOSI Publications, 2016
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2016.16.7.12969
Corresponding Author: Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz, Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology,
Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.
1383
Termiticidal Activities of Carica Papaya and Piper Betle Methanolic
and Aqueous Leaves Extracts Against Coptotermes curvignathus
Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz, Nur Suraya Abdullah,
Wan Nurul Hazwani Wan Hasmi and Nor Syazwani Mohamed Juhari
Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang,
26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
Abstract: Coptotermes curvignathus is one of the important pests in rubber industry. C. curvignathus feed
on dead material, generally in the form of wood, leaf litter or soil and about 10% of the 4,000 odd species are
economically important as pests which can cause serious structural damage to buildings, crops or plantation
forests. In rubber industry, C. curvignathus attack both earlier stage and mature trees which will reduce the
yield can cause profit loss to the industry. In this study, termiticidal activities of Carica papaya and Piper betle
methanolic and aqueous leaves extract were evaluated against C. curvignathus. Five different concentrations
(20,000 ppm, 40,000 ppm, 60,000 ppm, 80,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm) for each extracts were tested. The mortality rates
were recorded every 4 hours for 12 hours. The study revealed that both Carica papaya and Piper betle
methanolic and aqueous leaves extracts shows termiticidal activities. After 12 hours, Carica papaya methanolic
leaves extract shows better termiticidal activities compared to Carica papaya aqueous leaves extract. 100%
mortality rate recorded for each concentration of Carica papaya methanolic leaves extract as the active
compound such as terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were present in the extracts. While the control
treatment only shows 13% mortality rate. As for Carica papaya aqueous leaves extract, the highest mortality
rate is at 60,000 ppm (20%) and the lowest mortality rate is at 100,000 ppm (7%). However, there is no significant
different in the mortality rate for each concentration for Carica papaya aqueous leaves extract. For Piper betle
leaves extracts, methanolic extracts shows potential termiticidal activities where 100% mortality rate were
recorded for 20,000ppm, 60,000ppm, 80,000ppm and 100,000ppm concentration after 12 hours. While, the highest
mortality rate recorded for Piper betle aqueous leaves extracts were recorded at 100,000ppm with 57%.
The mortality rate at 100,000ppm shows significant different compared to others treatment. The phytochemical
screening indicated the present of terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids in Piper betle methanolic
leaves extract which contribute to the termiticidal activities. Carica papaya and Piper betle methanolic leaves
extract were analyse using probit analysis to determine lethal concentration in controlling 50% of C.
curvignathus. In controlling 50% of C. curvignathus, it is suggested to apply 3,548ppm of Carica papaya
methanolic leaves extract and 20,995ppm of Piper betle methanolic leaves extract. The result revealed that
Carica papaya and Piper betle have potential to act as a bio pesticides on controlling of C. curvignathus in
plantation. Application of bio pesticides can help in protected the environment, human health and thus
reducing the management cost.
Key words: Carica papaya Coptotermes curvignathus Mortality rate Piper betle Termiticidal activities
INTRODUCTION curvignathus consists of their eggs, larva, nymphs, sterile
Belongs to the order of Isoptera, Coptotermes curvignathus colonies, the others member are depend on
curvignathus considered, by far, to have the greatest the workers to feed them and thus, workers of C.
economic impact on urban dwellings. The life cycle of C. curvignathus are responsible in attacking plants as they
workers, soldiers and king and queen [1]. In the C.