Volume 4 • Issue 2 • 1000249 J Trauma Treat ISSN: 2167-1222 JTM, an open access journal Research Article Open Access Abu Zeid and Mokeem Saleh, J Trauma Treat 2015, 4:2 DOI: 10.4172/2167-1222.1000249 Research Article Open Access ISSN: 2167-1222 Solubility, pH Changes and Releasing Elements of Different Bioceramic and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Root Canal Sealers Comparative Study Sawsan Taha Hassan Abu Zeid* and Abeer Abdulaziz Y Mokeem Saleh 1 Department of Endodontic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Keywords: Mineral trioxide aggregate; Calcium silicate sealers; Calcium ions Introduction Bioceramic and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) root canal sealers were recently introduced into the endodontic feld to beneft from the formation of hydroxyapatite during the setting reaction in the presence of tissue fuid and establish a chemical bond at the dentin interface [1]. Solubility, pH changes and released elements of root canal sealers have an impact on their clinical, biological and antibacterial behaviors. Most sealers exhibit a variable degree of solubility that afects the integrity of the apical seal of a root canal flling [2]. Terefore, insolubility is a standard property for root canal sealer. Te alkaline pH is closely related to the increased hydroxyl and calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) release afer root canal obturation, which inhibits growth of residual microbes, and this enhances healing of periapical pathosis [3,4]. Recent Calcium Silicate Sealers (CSS) have been claimed to be excellent sealers with alkaline pH, low solubility and providing good sealing owing to their setting expansion [5]. To date, there are not enough publications that prove their physiochemical behavior. Te aim of this study was to evaluate solubility, pH changes, calcium ions released and degradable elements of diferent brands of CSS. Te null hypothesis is that there is no signifcant diference between the tested root canal sealers. Materials and Methods Tree brands of injectable Bioceramic: EndoSequence (Brasseler, Georgia, USA), Smartpastebio (Smartseal, DRFP Ltd, UK) and iRoot-SP (Innovative BioCeramix Inc, Vancouver, Canada) with MTA-Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) root canal sealers were tested. Adseal (META Biomed Co., Chungbuk, Korea) and ActiV-GP (Brasseler, *Corresponding author: Sawsan Taha Abu Zeid, Department of Endodontic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel: +966-509528971, E-mail: sawsanabuzeid55@hotmail.com Received February 23, 2015; Accepted April 23, 2015; Published April 26, 2015 Citation: Abu Zeid STH, Mokeem Saleh AAY (2015) Solubility, pH Changes and Releasing Elements of Different Bioceramic and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Root Canal Sealers Comparative Study. J Trauma Treat 4: 249. doi:10.4172/2167- 1222.1000249 Copyright: © 2015 Abu Zeid STH, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Georgia, USA) were used as control. According to American Dental Association (ADA) specifcation number 57 for root canal flling, standard discs (15 mm diameter, 3 mm thickness) of fresh mixed sealers were prepared (10 for each material), according to manufacturer instructions. Tey were lef in an incubator at 37 o C, 100% humidity until complete setting. Each disc was tied with impermeable nylon thread and the initial weight (W 0 ) measured using an analytical balance machine (Balance and Scale Model AW-220, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Ten they were immersed in 20 ml deionized water and incubated for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days in 100% humidity at a constant temperature of 37 o C. Solubility (%) evaluation: Afer each immersion time, the discs were removed from the tube, dried with blotted paper, lef 24 hours for complete dryness and then reweighed (Wf 1 , Wf 7 , Wf 14 and Wf 28 ). Te amount of solubility (%) was calculated by the following equation: Solubility (%) = 0 0 100 f W W W − × [6]. pH analysis: Te pH of storage solution at each immersion time (1, 7, 14 and 28 days) was analysed using a pH meter (HANNA pH 211, Abstract Introduction: Bioceramic technology has been introduced recently in endodontics to beneft from the formation of hydroxyapatite during the setting reaction in the presence of tissue fuid and establish a chemical bond at the dentin interface. Objectives: To evaluate some of physiochemical properties of new different Bioceramic (iRoot-SP, EndoSequence, Smartpastebio) versus mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-Fillapex) root canal sealers. Adseal and ActiV-GP sealers were used as control. Methods: Standard discs (10 for each) were prepared and immersed in 20 ml deionized water. After 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, solubility, pH changes and released elements were calculated and statistically analyzed with ANOVA test. Results: A signifcantly greater solubility and higher alkalinity were displayed by the tested sealers (in descending order) Smartpastebio, iRoot-SP, EndoSequence and MTA-Fillapex (P<0.05). Their solubility exceeded the acceptable limit (3%). Their maximum alkaline pH was exhibited after 7 days. Adseal and ActiV-GP exhibited initial neutral and acidic pH respectively. Finally both had neutral pH. EndoSequence exhibited the signifcantly greatest calcium release followed by iRoot-SP, Smartpastebio and MTA-Fillapex, whereas, ActiV-GP and Adseal exhibited the signifcantly lowest values (P<0.05). There was no silicon released from iRoot-SP, Smartpastebio and MTA-Fillapex. ActiV-GP exhibited the greatest silicon, aluminum and iron release. The greatest phosphorous, manganese and magnesium content was obtained by Adseal, MTA-Fillapex and EndoSequence respectively. Conclusion: Under the condition of this study, the prolonged alkalinity of calcium silicate sealers was synchronized with their ongoing solubility. The higher calcium ions released indicated strong alkalinity. The inequality in aluminum, iron, manganese and magnesium released by the tested sealers may expect the variance in their behaviors. Journal of Trauma & Treatment J o u r n a l o f T r a u a m & T r e a t m e n t ISSN: 2167-1222