International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)
ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2, Issue-6, January 2013
516
Retrieval Number: F1176112612/2013©BEIESP
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Effect of Post-Deposition Annealing on
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thin Films
Grown At High Power by Pecvd
Aravind Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Parmender Kumar, Kapil Malik, P. N. Dixit
Abstract- The crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous
silicon layers (a-Si:H) [1,2] deposited by plasma enhanced
chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is of great interest.
Generally, laser or metals are used to induce crystallization in a-
Si:H films. We have found that films deposited at high rf power
(> 0.2 W/cm2) by PECVD technique shows some crystallites
embedded in a-Si:H matrix and their after its vacuum thermal
annealing at 250 and 300
o
C helps to further enhancement of
crystallite size. These films were characterized using , UV-VIS
spectrometry, Raman Spectra, of these films were measured as a
function of temperature in the range of 300
o
C to 250
o
C.
Keyword: Amorphous silicon, Thin Films, Growth PECVD.
I. INTRODUCTOIN
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
of Silane has evolved as an elegant technique for the
deposition of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)
and related alloys. a-Si:H films have attracted considerable
attention because of their outstanding optical properties [3-
4]. This material is in use in photovoltaic and large area
electronic devices at commercial level. However, low
deposition rate and stability are the limitation of this
material. Enhancement of the deposition rate should be
achieved with maintaining the device quality of the material.
Attainment of high rate of deposition could be possible by
various approaches, such as (a) containment of the plasma
by the use of earth shields so the reactive species do not
diffuse out of the Inter-Electrode space & enhancement of
the density of ionized species by an increase of power input
to the plasma, in a careful way, so that gas phase
polymerization reaction are avoided (b) Increase of the
plasma excitation frequency (c) use of higher silane radicals.
Normally to deposit the device quality a-Si:H films lower
power density (less than 20 mW/cm2) is used. In the
present investigation we have chosen high power density
deposited a-Si:H films for our study.
Manuscript received On December. 2012.
Aravind Kumar, Department of Physics Kalindi College East Patel
Nager New Delhi-110008., India.
Pawan Kumar, Department of Physics Gurukula Kangri
Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, India.
Parmender Kumar, Department of Physics Gurukula Kangri
Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, India.
Kapil Malik, Department of Physics Gurukula Kangri
Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, India.
P.N. Dixit, Plasma Processed Materials Group National Physical
LaboratoryDr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi-110 012
II. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
It is well known that sustaining plasma by RF excitation is
rather easy. It is because electrons in the plasma respond
instantaneously to the RF field and absorbs energy from the
field via inelastic collision with gas molecules in the bulk,
thereby, gaining sufficient energy to ionize the gas. In this
section a detailed study of RF plasma (13.56 MHz)
produced a-Si:H films by using silane ( SiH
4
) as the feed gas
has been made. For this study a 13.56 MHz source RF
plasma Model RF 5S) was used to excite the plasma.
Substrates were placed on the anode of the research reactor.
The partial pressure of SiH
4
is adjusted with the help of
Mass Flow Controller (MFC). In order to increase the
deposition rate (r
d
), systematic variation of applied RF
Power to the cathode was varied systematically at different
pressures. The deposition condition were as follows: (1)
Pressure(0.1-1.0 Torr, (2) substrate temperature, 3000
o
C,
(3) SiH
4
flow rate, 40.0 sccm, (4) power density varied from
16 to 180 mW cm
-2
. The thicknesses of the films, was
measured by a talystep (Rank-Taylor Hobson), were in the
range 1.5 μm. Optical, electrical and structural
measurements were carried out on samples as per procedure
discussed. We have designated the sample deposited at 1W
power as HR-031, and 21W power as HR-022.
III. DEPOSITION RATE
The deposition rate of the films was calculated from the
measured thickness divided by deposition time. Thicknesses
of the films were estimated by talystep (Rank-Taylor
Hobson) measurement equipment. Variation of deposition
rate of a-Si:H films as a function of Power as shown in the
Fig (1.1) The variation of deposition rate r
d
(A
0
/s) with
variation of applied power. It is clear that r
d
increases
monotonically with increase of applied power. Normally to
deposit the device quality a-Si:H films low power density
(less than 20 mW/cm
2
) is preferred. The deposition rate
increases from 2.9 to 13 A
0
/s with the increases of applied
power from 1W to 21W. Increases of the applied power
enhance the dissociation and ionization of silane radical and
thus resulting increase of the flux of deposition precursors to
the substrate surface.
IV. OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Investigations of the optical properties of semiconductors
are among the most important sources of information on the
band structure, the frequencies of the optical modes of the
phonon spectrum and other properties of the
semiconductors.