A transdisciplinary approach to local waste management in New Zealand: Addressing interrelated challenges through indigenous partnership Joanna Goven a, *, E.R. (Lisa) Langer b , Virginia Baker c , James Ataria d , Alan Leckie b a Kukupa Research Ltd., Pigeon Bay, New Zealand b Scion, P.O. Box 29 237, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand c Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) Ltd., P.O. Box 5 0348, Porirua 5028, New Zealand d Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 16 November 2014 Received in revised form 20 July 2015 Accepted 21 July 2015 Available online 23 July 2015 Keywords: Integration M aori Participation Reflexivity Transdisciplinarity Waste ABSTRACT The goals of transdisciplinary research (TR) generate several interrelated challenges that are largely internal to the TR process: project ownership, participation, integration, and reflexivity. We examine this set of interrelated challenges, as well as some ways of meeting those challenges, through the lens of a particular case of TR: the Kaik oura Biowaste Project (KBP). We find that the KBP was at least partly successful in meeting each of the four interrelated challenges. Key to that success was our partnership with the local M aori (indigenous) community. External challenges of institutional barriers and political implementation complicated the task of meeting some internal challenges; the KBP had some but not complete success in overcoming these. We find that some familiar factors— co-leadership with an appropriate community partner, early involvement of stakeholders, significant time spent by members of the research team in the case-study community, and sensitivity to communication styles—did indeed contribute to the success of TR. In addition: strong leadership and bridging skills in the research team are key resources for overcoming institutional barriers to integration; pragmatic integration can be accomplished without epistemological interpenetration; and the active cultivation of reflexivity among researchers promotes integration. Reflexivity was facilitated by locating the process in a setting shaped and governed by a worldview different from the dominant scientific discourse, suggesting that, rather than on neutral ground, interactions with less dominant communities should [212_TD$DIFF]take place in settings and through processes that are familiar to the community but relatively unfamiliar and therefore more challenging to the researchers. ã 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Transdisciplinary research (TR) is often advocated for addressing problems of environmental sustainability (e.g. Lang et al., 2012; Polk, 2014; Van Kerkhoff & Lebel, 2006; Waterton, Norton, & Morris, 2006; Wijkman, 1999). While there is no * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: joanna.goven@gmail.com (J. Goven), lisa.langer@scionresearch.com (E.R. (. Langer), virginia.baker@esr.cri.nz (V. Baker), jamie.ataria@cawthron.org.nz (J. Ataria), alan.leckie@scionresearch.com (A. Leckie). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2015.07.011 0016-3287/$ – see front matter ã 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Futures 73 (2015) 22–36 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Futures journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/futures