CHEESA, Vol. 4 No. 2 Hal 91-99, 2021 | 91
CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles
ISSN 2614-8757 (Print), ISSN 2615-2347 (Online)
Available online at: http://e-journal.unipma.ac.id/index.php/cheesa
Copyright © 2021
Pemanfaatan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu sebagai Karbon Aktif melalui Proses
Pirolisis dan Aktivasi Kimia
Utilization of Wood Sawdust as Activated Carbon through Pyrolysis and Chemical Activation Process
Khalimatus Sa’diyah
1*)
, Profiyanti Hermien Suharti
1)
, Nanik Hendrawati
1)
, Finda
Agustin Pratamasari
1)
, One Mahardika Rahayu
1)
1)
Politeknik Negeri Malang, Teknik Kimia, Indonesia
*correspondence email: khalimatus22@gmail.com
Abstrak
Ketersediaan limbah serbuk gergaji kayu sangat potensial diolah menjadi karbon aktif karena
mengandung selulosa dan lignin yang menyebabkan serbuk gergaji kayu dapat mengikat ion logam
berat. Pemanfaatan karbon aktif banyak digunakan di berbagai industri, diantaranya sebagai penyerap
zat pencemar dan logam berat. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pembuatan dan pemanfaatan serbuk
gergaji kayu sebagai karbon aktif (adsorben) melalui pirolisis dan aktivasi kimia. Tujuannya adalah
untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pirolisis terhadap kualitas karbon aktif yang dihasilkan. Karbon aktif
dibuat menggunakan serbuk gergaji kayu yang didehidrasi di bawah sinar matahari. Proses karbonisasi
dilakukan dengan metode pirolisis pada suhu 200 °C, 225 °C, 250 °C, 275 °C dan 300 °C selama 1
jam. Hasil proses pirolisis selanjutnya diaktivasi menggunakan aktivator basa kuat (NaOH) dengan
konsentrasi 1 N dan waktu aktivasi 3 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, suhu pirolisis yang
menghasilkan kualitas karbon aktif mendekati Standar Industri Indonesia (SII) 0258-88 adalah pada
suhu 275 °C. Kualitas karbon aktif yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar air 3 %, kadar abu 10,2 %, kadar
volatile matter 23 %, dan kadar fixed carbon 63,7 %.
Kata kunci: aktivasi; karbonisasi; karbon aktif; kayu; pirolisis
Abstract
The availability of wood sawdust waste has the potential to be processed into activated carbon
because it contains cellulose and lignin which causes wood sawdust to bind heavy metal ions.
Utilization of activated carbon is widely used in various industries, including as an absorbent of
pollutants and heavy metals. This research is about the production and utilization of sawdust as
activated carbon (adsorbent) through pyrolysis and chemical activation. The aim is to determine the
effect of pyrolysis temperature on the quality of the activated carbon produced. Activated carbon is
made using wood sawdust which is dehydrated in the sun. The carbonization process was performed
using pyrolysis method at temperatures of 200°C, 225°C, 250°C, 275°C and 300°C for 1 hour. Then it
was activated using a strong base activator (NaOH) with an activator concentration of 1 N and an
activation time of 3 hours. Based on the obtained results, the pyrolysis temperature which produces
the quality of activated carbon closed to Standar Industri Indonesia (SII) 0258-88 is 275°C. The
quality of the produced activated carbon has a moisture content of 3%, ash content of 10.2%, volatile
matter content of 23%, and fixed carbon content of 63.7%.
Keywords: activation; activated carbon; carbonization; pyrolysis, wood
Received: 04/02/2021; Revised: 29/09/2021; Accepted: 29/09/2021; doi: 10.25273/cheesa.v4i2.8589.91-99
Research Article