Terror, Media, and Moral Boundaries
Nachman Ben-Yehuda*
ABSTRACT
The relationship between terror and its presentation in the media is examined. The process
of presenting terror is characterized as a method of challenging, negotiating, and redrawing
moral boundaries. On the one hand, examining the terror–media relationship in this fashion
enables us to transcend issues involved in taking a stand regarding the contents of specific
acts of terror. On the other hand, making a stand regarding the nature of terror requires a
moral decision. Any such stand regarding the content of terror, in terms of its explanation
and justification, is thus based on a moral agenda that can be deciphered from the way it is
presented. I use the case of political assassinations and executions to illustrate this
terror–media connection through the conceptualization of negotiating moral boundaries.
Keywords: assassinations, media, moral boundaries, terror, war
Introduction
‘One person’s terrorist is another’s freedom fighter’ is a common statement.
And, indeed, some famous world leaders were incarcerated or hunted as ‘terror-
ists’, only to appear years later as genuine freedom fighters for peace. Israel’s
Menachem Begin and South Africa’s Nelson Mandela are just two illustrations.
How can one make such a distinction? And on what grounds? I will argue below
that such statements are morally bounded, and that making them requires
explicit or implicit invocation of some moral context. To be meaningful, this
suggested contextualization must be framed within a historical perspective.
Moreover, the decision about whether one is faced with a genuine case of terror
or of a fight against cruel oppression or occupation has a strong moral element.
It is this moral element that dictates both the type and nature of responses and
the presentation of the act or acts.
However, examining terror from a moralistic point of view alone (that
is from a ‘right’ versus ‘wrong’ perspective) may create myriad points of view,
dictated by the different symbolic-moral universes of the examiners. One way
of avoiding this kaleidoscopic view is to regress to mere chronologies of events,
devoid of social context, focusing on temporal sequencing made to show that
earlier events somehow caused later events. Alas, this is a barren and boring
Copyright © 2005 SAGE Publications www.sagepublications.com
(London, Thousand Oaks, and New Delhi)
Vol 46(1–2): 33–53. DOI: 10.1177/0020715205054469
* Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel.