Citation: Voicu, M.-C.; Muntean, M. Factors That Influence Mobile Learning among University Students in Romania. Electronics 2023, 12, 938. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics 12040938 Academic Editors: Mohammed Amin Almaiah, Ahmad Al-Khasawneh, Sébastien Jacques, Omar Almomani and Christos J. Bouras Received: 1 December 2022 Revised: 28 January 2023 Accepted: 10 February 2023 Published: 13 February 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). electronics Article Factors That Influence Mobile Learning among University Students in Romania Mirela-Catrinel Voicu * and Mihaela Muntean East-European Center for Research in Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania * Correspondence: mirela.voicu@e-uvt.ro Abstract: During the pandemic years, universities worldwide adopted online teaching on a large scale. Besides desktop systems or laptops, many students also use smartphones for online learn- ing. In our paper, we propose a hybrid theoretical model to analyze the continuance intention to use mobile learning in higher education. The scientific demarche is carried out from different perspectives opened by the models and theories integrated in a unitary approach. In addition to the main constructs taken from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the research model was enriched with new capabilities by considering the Motivational Model (MM), Flow Theory (FT) and the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). The research model was applied to the Romanian higher education environment and proved that perceived usefulness (PU), habit (HB), perceived skill (PS), and self-efficacy (SE) directly influ- ence the continuance intention to use (CU) smartphones in higher education. Further, performance expectancy (PFE), intrinsic motivation (IM), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived enjoyment (PE) indirectly influence the continuance intention to use (CU). We presented our results according to top studies on the critical challenges and factors influencing smart mobile learning success usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we found that Romanian universities provide excellent IT infrastructure and top management support and that creating habits of using m-learning in the context of university classes will strengthen the university culture. The conclusions of the undertaken research represent a starting point in the diversification and flexibility of educational processes in Romanian universities. Keywords: mobile learning; continuance intention to use; perceived usefulness; habit; perceived skill; self-efficacy 1. Introduction Mobile learning (m-learning) is a broad term for defining e-learning processes achieved with the help of personal mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and digital notebooks. M-learning represents a natural evolution of e-learning and adds a missing component, such as the wireless feature [1]. Studies on the educational and institutional implications of students’ choices to use mobile devices in the learning process are up to date considering the explosion of m-learning during and after the COVID-19 period [2,3]. “The convergence of the mobile devices with existing educational technologies provides learners with greater flexibility by making homogenous learning activities available and accessible by heterogeneous mobile/smart devices” [4]. The learning process involves reading ebooks and documents (e.g., word or pdf); watching educational videos with learning content; attending video conferences; or any learning activity using mobile devices. M-learning is accessible in formal and informal learning environments (see [5,6]). Mobile devices permit students to continue their studies irrespective of location or time zone, improving their learning intention and significance [7,8]. M-learning is flexible learning—“just enough, just in time, just for me” [9]. M-learning helps learners’ self-organization, self-direction, Electronics 2023, 12, 938. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040938 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics