Received: 11 May 2022 Accepted: 11 January 2023
DOI: 10.1111/dial.12783
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Wicked incarnations: Jesus, intra-action, climate change
Mari E. Ramler
Tennessee Technological University,
Cookeville, Tennessee, USA
Correspondence
Mari E. Ramler, Tennessee Technological
University, Cookeville, TN 38505-0001,
USA.
Email: mramler@tntech.edu
Abstract
To take incarnation seriously, Creation Care Christians, such as Douglas and
Jonathan Moo, focus on Jesus’ divinity in incarnation. If the divine Jesus was
fully flesh, then creation must be good. And if we do not take care of it, we
are sinning, they reason. Laurel C. Schneider’s promiscuous view of incarnation
insists on a porous flesh, one that is materially entangled with the world. This is
beyond Sallie McFague’s model of the world as God’s body. Applying Schneider’s
promiscuous incarnation, Mary-Jane Rubenstein claims that the world is God’s
body, and, as such, God does not transcend matter as Ernest Simmons suggests.
For Catherine Keller, unknowable divine interdependence must move us to civic
action. In the middle of this conversation, I offer the term wicked incarnations
to make explicit the intra-action of divinity and the world in its incarnations.
To take incarnation seriously is to acknowledge incarnations as a dynamism of
divine and material forces, neither of which pre-exist their relationship. I join
Keller in hoping that this moves us to care about and for the material world,
its changing climate, and our intra-active relationship with nonhuman, divine
presence.
KEYWORDS
climate change, incarnation, intra-action, quantum entanglement
The worst thing we ever did
was put God in the sky
out of reach
Chelan Harkin, “The Worst Thing”
1 INTRODUCTION
Recently, theologians have been taking incarnation seri-
ously by applying quantum entanglement to the doctrine
of incarnation. Yet, incarnation is always-already intra-
active, according to Karen Barad’s definition of “intra-
action,” which I understand as no classically interactive
things, just relations. In a quantum science model, entan-
glement precedes things’ thingness. Barad’s term intra-
action understands agency not as an inherent property
of an individual (or human) to be exercised, but as a
dynamism of forces, always operating in relation with one
another.
1
If divinity and the world are quantumly entangled,
then they are already, by definition, intra-active. Thus, the
divine is always-already materially plural.
2
My term wicked
incarnations makes explicit the fact that both divine flesh
and climate change are entangled and, thus, wicked prob-
lems because they cannot be clearly defined nor neatly
solved.
I use the term wicked as it was first introduced in 1973
by scholars of design and urban planning Horst Rittel and
Melvin Webber. They distinguished between “tame” and
Dialog. 2023;1–9. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dial