~ 3494 ~
The Pharma Innovation Journal 2023; 12(2): 3494-3500
ISSN (E): 2277-7695
ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.23
TPI 2023; 12(2): 3494-3500
© 2023 TPI
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 17-12-2022
Accepted: 19-01-2023
S Vinitha
Assistant Professor, Department
of Agricultural Engineering,
Pushkaram College of
Agriculture Sciences,
Pudhukkottai, Tamil Nadu,
India
A Mani
Assistant Professor, Department
of Soil and Water Conservation
Engineering, Agricultural
Engineering College and
Research Institute, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University,
Kumulur, Trichy, Tamil Nadu,
India
Corresponding Author:
S Vinitha
Assistant Professor, Department
of Agricultural Engineering,
Pushkaram College of
Agriculture Sciences,
Pudhukkottai, Tamil Nadu,
India
Estimation of crop evapotranspiration of drip irrigated
okra crop by various surface canopy resistance model
S Vinitha and A Mani
Abstract
In the study, the estimation of crop evapotranspiration was based on the Penman-Monteith model along
with variable canopy resistance. The canopy resistance was calculated by using a modified climatological
resistance weighed by a normalized soil water factor (F). Canopy resistance is considered as a variable
parameter for each day. In the case, the daytime variation of canopy resistance was performed well with
the standard FAO 56 Penman-Monteith method. During the crop season, The average surface canopy
resistance ranged between 0 s m
-1
and 776 s m
-1
and the normalized soil water factor (F) ranged between
0.08 and 0.99. The largest values of r
c
were observed as 776 s m
-1
on 44 DAS, which signified the lowest
values of VMC 64.35 mm (14.3%) in the experiment. The surface canopy resistance was more when it
had the lowest moisture content. The above stated approaches were compared on the basis of RMSE and
coefficient of determination (R
2
) values. Farias canopy resistance model was specified as best fitted with
an RMSE and R
2
values of 0.99 and 0.97. The results show that if the micrometeorological data such as
temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure deficit, wind speed, net radiation and soil moisture are
available then the Farias canopy resistance model is the best one for computing ET
C
in semi-arid region.
The yield obtained at all the harvest were the maximum and minimum yield of 24 kg and 3 kg
respectively. The total yield gained was 9.8 t ha
-1
. Water use efficiency obtained were under standard
FAO-56 PM method and Farias canopy resistance model as 27.80 kg ha
-1
mm
-1
and 39.23 kg ha
-1
mm
-1
respectively. During the crop cycle, the Farias canopy resistance model was reasonably performed well.
It indicated with the limiting amount of water used by the crop which could be improved the economic
yield of the crop.
Keywords: Canopy resistance, farias model, normalized soil water factor, penman-monteith model,
water use efficiency
1. Introduction
In hydrologic cycle, Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the largest components and it is defined
as sum of evaporation from soil, plant and open water surface and transpiration through
canopy. The estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET
C
) is essential in water resources
planning and management, at the same time increase water use efficiency and yield of crop
(Allen et al., 2011)
[1]
. Based on the crop coefficient K
C
approach, the crop water requirement
is calculated. It represents crop specific water use. ET
C
is calculated using standard agro-
meteorological data and a crop-specific coefficient K
C
considering relationship between
atmospheres, crop physiology and farming practices (Allen et al., 1998)
[2]
. ET
C
is required for
estimating crop water requirements, irrigation scheduling and water productivity. In
addition to, the Penman-Monteith (PM) model using the fixed surface canopy resistance (r
s
) of
70 s m
-1
which is considered for computing crop water requirement. Most of the conditions,
the r
s
can be varies with respect to microclimate characteristics of the boundary layer above the
crop (Srivastava et al., 2018)
[15]
.
In the ET process, the surface canopy resistance (r
s
) is a physiological as well as aerodynamic
parameter and which is a function of water potential and climatological variables (Alves and
Pereira, 2000; Lecina et al., 2003)
[3, 5]
. For the last few years, many approaches were
developed to determine the surface canopy resistance (r
s
) based on the meteorological
variables with the soil water status (Ortega-Farias et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014)
[11, 6]
. The
estimation of variable canopy resistance is very important for improving the accuracy of
evapotranspiration rate. The present study have been undertaken with the objective to estimate
the surface canopy resistance by Farias model and compare with the FAO-56 Penman-
Monteith method.