American Journal of Applied Sciences 5 (10): 1344-1347, 2008
ISSN 1546-9239
© 2008 Science Publications
Corresponding Author: K.W. Tam, Wireless Communication Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of
Macau, Av. Padre Tomas Pereira, Taipa, Macao SAR, China Tel: (853) 3974496 Fax: (853) 28838314
1344
Electromagnetic Assessment on Human Safety of Mobile
Communication Base Stations at University of Macau
K.H. Chiang and K.W. Tam
Wireless Communication Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomas Pereira, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
Abstract: Assessment of the electromagnetic exposure due to the mobile communication base station
at University of Macau is presented by two testing scenarios. The first scenario about 20 in-situ
measurements and the maximum E-field strength was 2.46 V/m that well below the threshold and
compliant to the safety guideline. The second scenario investigates on the distance effect of exposure
due to the base station and it is found that the field strength decays by 0.12 dB/m. Thus, low radiation
level estimated at the university when compared with the measured values.
Key words: Radiation safety, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), International Commission on Non-
Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)
INTRODUCTION
In the past few decades, the mobile communication
has been evolved from analogue system to latest digital
cellular communications. In Macau where is a small
city with an area of around 28 Km
2
and located 60 Km
from Hong Kong, its mobile communication also
evolved from GSM 900 in 1995 to GSM 1800 and
CDMA in 1999 and 2006 respectively. There are totally
four public digital cellular communication operators in
Macau and over 635,000 subscribers registered in 2006.
This rapid development has also brought the persistent
public concerns about the possible adverse health
effects of electromagnetic emissions from digital
cellular telephone base stations. It is thus necessary to
carry out the electromagnetic compatibility assessment
to identify whether the level of emission due to the base
stations represents a risk for human health according to
the international safety guideline. In particular, there is
a digital cellular base station located in the hostel area
nearby the central campus of University of Macau as
shown in Fig. 1a. As illustrated, the base station
antenna is installed in the rooftop of hostel building
Block II as in Fig. 1b and these antennas are facing the
central campus building named Choi Kai Yau shown in
Fig. 1c where more than 35 classrooms and 40 office
rooms are allocated. The base station is generally
emitting the RF power of 42 dBm and 38 dBm for
GSM 900/1800 and CDMA respectively. The purpose
of this work was mainly to perform in-situ
a
b
c
Fig. 1: a Base station nearby Choi Kai Yau building, (b)
A base station in the roof of block II building,
(c) Choi Kai Yau building in the central campus