Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jul 29; 10(A):1529-1536. 1529 Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022 Jul 29; 10(A):1529-1536. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9274 eISSN: 1857-9655 Category: A - Basic Sciences Section: Pharmacolgy In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Unused Parts of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Muhammad Insanu* , Hegar Pramasatya , Anastasia Karina Buddhisuharto , Chrisanta Tarigan , Aliya Azkia Zahra , Ariranur Hanifadi , Nurma Sabila , Irda Fidrianny Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract BACKGROUND: Free radical is unstable and highly reactive, which may lead to oxidative stress that causes various diseases, that is, diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant can prevent oxidation process by scavenging free radicals. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a native tropical fruit that can easily be found in Indonesia. When the fesh is commonly eaten, the unused parts – such as the leaves, fruit peels, and pulps will be considered waste to be thrown away. However, these unused parts of Jackfruit are rich in antioxidant compounds that potentially can work as therapeutic agents. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant properties of leaves, peels, and pulps of A. heterophyllus by calculating their antioxidant activity index (AAI) with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Cupric Ion- Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method; total phenolic content (TPC) and total favonoid content (TFC); observing the correlation between TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC; as well as the correlation between AAI DPPH and CUPRAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extraction process was carried out using refux method using three diferent polarity solvents. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to determine the TPC, TFC, AAI DPPH, and AAI CUPRAC. Pearson’s method was used to observe the correlation between TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC, as well as the correlation between both methods. RESULTS: The AAI in DPPH method were varied from 0.0310 to 36.8852, while CUPRAC from 0.1156 to 1.2503. Ethanol leaves extract gave the highest TPC value (5.53 g GAE/100 g) and n-hexane peels extract exposed the highest TFC value (16.07 g QE/100 g). The correlation between TPC and AAI of leaves, peels, and pulps extracts with DPPH method, as well as between TFC and AAI CUPRAC of peels extracts was positive and signifcant. Rutin was determined as the marker compound, valuing at 0.0106%. CONCLUSION: Phenols and favonoids (including rutin) content contributed to DPPH and CUPRAC antioxidant activity. The antioxidant property between both methods was not linear in leaves, peels, and pulps extracts. Unused parts (peels and leaves) of A. heterophyllus might be potential to be developed as natural antioxidant sources. Edited by: Sinisa Stojanoski Citation: Insanu M, Pramasatya H, Buddhisuharto AK, Tarigan C, Zahra AA, Hanifadi A, Sabila N, Fidrianny I. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Unused Parts of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). OpenAccess Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jul 29; 10(A):1529-1536. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9274 Keywords: Antioxidant; Artocarpus heterophyllus; Flavonoid; Free Radical; Phenol *Correspondence: Muhammad Insanu, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology-School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia. E-mail: insanu@fa.itb.ac.id Received: 07-Mar-2022 Revised: 26-Jun-2022 Accepted: 19-Jul-2022 Copyright: © 2022 Muhammad Insanu, Hegar Pramasatya, Anastasia Karina Buddhisuharto, Chrisanta Tarigan, Aliya Azkia Zahra, Ariranur Hanifadi, Nurma Sabila, Irda Fidrianny Funding: This research was funded by PPMI-ITB Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) Introduction Free radical is an atom or molecule with unpaired electrons on the outer orbit, making the radical unstable and highly reactive [1]. Oxygen metabolism can produce free radical which was named as reactive oxygen species (ROS). High concentration of ROS can cause oxidative stress, resulting to various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease [2]. Antioxidant can prevent oxidation process by neutralizing free radicals, making the radical become more stable. Natural antioxidant can be found in plants, that is, Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) which its fruits are commonly consumed in Indonesia. The antioxidant activity of A. heterophyllus (Jackfruit) is due to its compounds such as phenols and favonoids which are able to scavenge free radicals [3]. Flavonoids that can be obtained were catechin in its leaves, peels, and pulps [4]. Besides phenols and favonoids, tannins in leaves and peels of A. heterophyllus contributed as radical scavenging compounds [5], [6]. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and CUPRAC (Cupric Ion-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) can be used as methods to determine antioxidant activity of several plants [7], [8], [9]. Some studies mostly used DPPH method to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. heterophyllus [10], [11], [12]. Before the antioxidant activity was determined, an extraction process was preceded. This research used refux as a method to extract nonpolar, semipolar, and polar compounds of leaves, peels, and pulps of A. heterophyllus in this research. Solvents with increasing polarity were used to extract those compounds, namely, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The objectives of this research were to determine the antioxidant properties of leaves, peels, and pulps of A. heterophyllus by calculating their antioxidant activity index (AAI) with DPPH and CUPRAC method; total phenolic content (TPC) and total favonoid content (TFC); identifying and determining the marker Since 2002