Research Article
Nonunique Fixed Point Results via Kannan F -Contraction on
Quasi-Partial b-Metric Space
Pragati Gautam ,
1
Santosh Kumar ,
2
Swapnil Verma ,
1
and Gauri Gupta
1
1
Department of Mathematics, Kamala Nehru College (University of Delhi), August Kranti Marg, New Delhi 110049, India
2
Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Correspondence should be addressed to Santosh Kumar; drsengar2002@gmail.com
Received 25 June 2021; Revised 17 July 2021; Accepted 1 October 2021; Published 2 November 2021
Academic Editor: Giovanni Di Fratta
Copyright © 2021 Pragati Gautam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
This paper is aimed at acquainting with a new Kannan F-expanding type mapping by the approach of Wardowski in the
complete metric space. We establish some fixed point results for Kannan F-expanding type mapping and F-contractive
type mappings which satisfy F-contraction conditions. Additionally, some new results are given which generalize several
results present in the literature. Moreover, some applications and examples are provided to show the practicality of our
results.
1. Introduction and Preliminaries
In 1922, Banach [1] commenced one of the most essential
and notable results called the Banach contraction principle,
i.e., let P be a self-mapping on a nonempty set X and d be a
complete metric, if there exists a constant k ∈ ½0, 1Þ such that
d Pu, Pv ð Þ ≤ kd u, v ð Þ, ð1Þ
for all u, v ∈ X. Then, it has a unique fixed point in X. Due to
its significance, in 1968, Kannan [2] introduced a different
intuition of the Banach contraction principle which removes
the condition of continuity, i.e., for all u, v ∈ ½0, 1/2, there
exists a constant ρ ∈ ½0, 1Þ such that
d Pu, Pv ð Þ ≤ ρ du, Pu ð Þ + dv, Pv ð Þ ½ : ð2Þ
On the other hand, the notion of metric space has been
generalized in several directions, and the abovementioned
contraction principle has been enhanced in the new settings
by considering the concept of convergence of functions. In
1989, Bakhtin [3] introduced the notion of b-metric space
which was revaluated by Czerwik [4] in 1993.
Definition 1. A b-metric space on a nonempty set X is a
function d : X × X ⟶ ½0,∞Þ such that for all u, v, w ∈ X
and for some real number s ≥ 1, it satisfies the following:
(M1) If dðu, vÞ =0, then u = v
(M2) dðu, vÞ = dðv, uÞ
(M3) dðu, wÞ ≤ s½dðu, vÞ + dðv, wÞ
Then, the pair ðX, d, sÞ is called the b-metric space. Moti-
vated by this, many researchers [5–8] generalized the con-
cept of metric spaces and established on the existence of
fixed points in the setting of b-metric space keeping in mind
that, unlike standard metric, b-metric is not necessarily
continuous due to the modified triangle inequality. In gen-
eral, a b-metric does not induce a topology on X.
Partial metric space is one of the attempts to generalize
the notion of the metric space. In 1994, Matthews [9] intro-
duced the notion of a partial metric space in which dðu, uÞ
are no longer necessarily zero.
Definition 2. A partial metric on a nonempty set X is a func-
tion p : X × X ⟶ ½0,∞Þ such that for all u, v, w ∈ X, it
satisfies the following:
(PM1) If pðu, uÞ = pðu, vÞ = pðv, vÞ, then u = v
(PM2) pðu, uÞ ≤ pðu, vÞ
Hindawi
Journal of Function Spaces
Volume 2021, Article ID 2163108, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2163108