Public Relations Review 40 (2014) 829–831
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Public Relations Review
Research in Brief
Smart friendly liars: Public perception of public relations
practitioners over time
Coy Callison
a,*
, Patrick F. Merle
b
, Trent Seltzer
a
a
College of Media and Communication, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
b
School of Communication, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 28 February 2014
Received in revised form
10 September 2014
Accepted 13 September 2014
Keywords:
Public relations
Survey
Perception
a b s t r a c t
Two national surveys of the U.S. public in 2003 and 2012 asked participants to list words
describing public relations practitioners. Analyses reveal that the majority of the words
related to practitioner personality and intellectual traits were positive, while the ethical
terms used to portray practitioners remained predominately negative over the last decade.
© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In 2013, Gallup conducted a nationwide survey that found 82% of respondents rated nurses as having high or very high
honesty and ethical standards (lobbyist brought up the rear by earning the same evaluation form only 6%) (Gallup, 2013).
Little light was shed on perceptions of public relations practitioners, however, as the field was not among the 22 professions
evaluated. Nonetheless, PR scholars and practitioners have long wrestled with questions regarding public relations and how
those working in the field are perceived. Prior works have shown that educators, practitioners, and students believed that
public relations suffers from a negative image (Newsom et al., 1993). Additionally, studies of PR students revealed that they
thought that being “good with people” was the most important skill for a practitioner, and that the field was equated with
“spin” (Bowen, 2003, 2009). And while image of practitioners is an important facet of the profession, perhaps more important
is how these perceptions of practitioners influence their ability to do their jobs.
While public relations practitioners, academics, and students have provided valuable insight into the field, limited empir-
ical research examined how the public considers public relations and its practitioners. Results from a national telephone
survey indicated that public relations was perceived more positively than expected given the negative frames predominant
in the media. However, the profession was still associated primarily with publicity and media relations activities (White &
Park, 2010), and experimental research has indicated that public relations practitioners are often perceived as less credible
than non-practitioner sources (Callison, 2004). To extend this line of research, the current study surveys the general U.S.
public at two time points to determine how practitioners are generally perceived.
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 8068345344.
E-mail addresses: coy.callison@ttu.edu (C. Callison), pmerle@fsu.edu (P.F. Merle), trent.seltzer@ttu.edu (T. Seltzer).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.09.003
0363-8111/© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.