ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA
Vol. 103 (2017) 181 – 184
DOI 10.3813/AAA.919045
Subjective Evaluation of Dynamic Voice
Directivity for Auralizations
Barteld N. J. Postma, Hugo Demontis, Brian F. G. Katz
Audio Acoustics Group, LIMSI, CNRS, Rue John von Neumann, Campus Universitaire d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay,
France. bart.postma@limsi.fr
Summary
It is possible to include static directivity patterns into auralizations to better represent the way in which real
sources radiate sound and subsequently excite the room. Sources such as the voice have directivity patterns which
vary with frequency and also due to dynamic movements of the performer. This study presents an investigation of
the inclusion of dynamic voice directivity into room acoustic auralizations based on geometrical acoustics (GA)
software. Previous studies have performed this using multi-channel anechoic recordings. In contrast, this study
employs single channel anechoic stimuli. Focus is on the incorporation of dynamic orientation presenting the
means by which it is included into the GA software as well as the results of a subjective listening test. Results
indicate that dynamic voice directivity orientation auralizations are perceived as more plausible, more enveloping,
and exhibiting greater apparent source width than auralizations with a static voice directivity and omnidirectional
sources.
© 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Hirzel Verlag · EAA. This is an open access article under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
1. Introduction
The use of room acoustic auralizations has increased due
to the improving computing power available and the qual-
ity of numerical modelling software. In such auralizations,
it is often possible to prescribe the directivity of an acous-
tic source in order to better represent the way in which it
excites the room. Such directivities are static, being de-
fined according to source excitation as a function of fre-
quency for the numerical simulation. However, voice di-
rectivity varies due to both phoneme dependent radiation
patterns [1] and dynamic orientation of the talker/speaker.
Studies by Rindel and Otondo [2, 3] proposed to
achieve the inclusion of dynamic directivity through the
use of multi-channel source directivity auralization
1
. This
method employs anechoic multi-channel recordings. The
source’s radiation sphere is divided into segments repre-
senting each microphone position. The room impulse re-
sponse (RIR) is then calculated for each segment and con-
volved with the corresponding microphone channel of the
anechoic recording. Convolutions of each channel are then
down-mixed to create a multi-channel source directivity
auralization.
These studies compared multi-channel source directiv-
ity auralizations to a static directivity source type. The ge-
ometrical acoustics (GA) software ODEON was employed
Received 28 November 2016,
accepted 6 January 2017,
published online 17 January 2017.
Figure 1. Non-overlapping spatial wedge division approach for
partial sources used for multi-channel source directivity aural-
izations (from [2]).
to create auralizations of an anechoic clarinet recording
convolved with 2–, 5–, and 10–channels and a single chan-
nel with a prescribed clarinet directivity. Figure 1 depicts
the multi-channel sources which were combined, without
overlap, to represent the spherical recording area around
the source. A listening test judged the 10-channel version
significantly less spacious than the three other source rep-
resentations. Additionally, subjects significantly preferred
the 10-channel auralization over the others in terms of per-
ceived naturalness.
1
The original paper termed this application “multi-channel auralization”.
In order to avoid confusion with distributed source multi-channel aural-
izations, this article will employ the term multi-channel source directivity
auralization.
© 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Hirzel Verlag · EAA.
This is an open access article under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. 181