143 ;]1 Computer Physics Communications 65 (1991) 143-150 North-Holland Exact solitary wave solutions of coupled nonlinear evolution equations using MACSYMA Willy Hereman Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA A direct series method 10 find exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear PDEs is applied to Hirota's system of coupled Korteweg-de Vries equations and to the sine-Gordon equation. The straightforward but lengthy algebraic computations to obtain single and multi-soliton solutions can be carried out with a symbolic manipulation package such as MACSYMA. 1. Introduction The search for exact solutions of nonlinear PDEs becomes more and more attractive due to the availability of symbolic manipulation pro- grams (MACSYMA, REDUCE, MATHEMAT- ICA, SCRATCHPAD II, and the like) which al- low to perform the tedious algebra common to direct methods on a main frame computer or on a Pc. In this paper we generate particular solutions of systems of nonlinear evolution (or wave equa- tions) by a direct series method established by Hereman et al. [1-31. This method allows to con- struct single and multi-solitary wave solutions and applies to single equations as well as to coupled systems. The knack of the method is to represent the solutions as infinite series in real exponentials that satisfy the linearized equations. The coeffi- cients of these series must satisfy a highly nonlin- ear coupled system of recursion relations, which can be solved with any symbolic computer pro- gram. The series is then finally summed in closed form and an exact solution of the given system of nonlinear PDEs is obtained. In section 2 we present the algorithm for the construction of a single solitary wave solution. In section 3 we apply it to a system of coupled Korteweg-de Vries (cKdV) equations [4,5]. In sec- tion 4 we show how the method can be generalized to account for N-soliton solutions using the sine- Gordon (SG) equation [6-91 as an example. 2. The algorithm We outline the algorithm to construct single solitary wave solutions to systems of nonlinear evolution or wave equations. Space is lacking to give all the details which may be found in ref. [1-3]. Step 1: Given is a system of two coupled nonlin- ear PDEs, JiW(U, V, Up u x ' vI' vx, Utx"",U mx , V nx ) =0, v, up u x ' vI' vx, utx, ... ,u px , V qx ) =0, m, n, p, qEN, (1) where JiW and <§ are supposed to be polynomials in their arguments and where U nx anu/ax n . Seeking travelling wave solutions for u(x, t) and vex, t), we introduce the variable = x - ct, where c is the constant velocity. The system (1) then transforms into a coupled system of nonlin- ear ODEs for $(';) == u(x, t) and tP(O == vex, t). The resulting equations may be integrated with respect to .; to reduce the order. For simplicity, we ignore integration constants, assuming that the solutions $ and tP and their derivatives vanish at ';= ±oo. 0010-4655/91/$03.50 <r! 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers RV. (North-Holland)