Endocrine and Metabolic Science 1 (2020) 100060 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Endocrine and Metabolic Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/endmts Pre-diabetes and NAFLD; A study of an Algerian population sample Said TAHARBOUCHT 1,∗ , Rachida GUERMAZ 2 , Mansour BROURI 2 , Ahcene CHIBANE 3 1 Maître de conférences A, Internal medicine department, EPH El Biar, Algiers, Algeria 2 Professeur, Internal medicine department, EPH El Biar, Algiers, Algeria 3 Professeur, University Saad Dahleb BLIDA 1, Internal medicine department, CHU DOUERA, Algiers, Algeria a r t i c l e i n f o Key words: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease steatosis pre-diabetes a b s t r a c t Introduction: Insulin resistance is one of the most important mechanisms involved in the genesis of NAFLD (Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), which explains the potential risk of diabetes in this population. The objective of our study was to compare the prevalence of pre-diabetes in people with metabolic steatopathy or NAFLD with that of a general population free from hepatic steatosis. Patients and methods: It is a prospective case-control study which focused on non-diabetic patients aged between 30 and 70 years. A clinical and biological assessment was carried out for all patients. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasound. Insulinemia was measured by Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay (Tosoh AIA 360) expressed in μU /Ml. The insulin resistance calculation was done using the HOMA formula. Pre diabetes is defined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as a fasting blood sugar (8 hours) between 1 and 1.25 g / l. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 21.0 software (IBM). Results: 426 patients aged 48.52 ± 10.13 years (226 women (53.6%)), including 213 with fatty liver disease, were enrolled. The mean fasting blood glucose in NAFLD patients was significantly higher (0.97 ± 0.13 213 Vs 0.92 ± 0.11, p <0.001). The prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher in the NAFLDs than in the control population (14.6% vs 8.9%, p <0.001), women were more affected than men (20.4% vs 8%, P <0.01). We noted a positive correlation between pre-diabetes and insulin resistance (n = 426, r = 0.124 P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with pre-diabetes were metabolic syndrome, plasma cholesterol≥ 2g/l, and insulin resistance. Conclusion: In view of these results, we recommend systematic research for pre-diabetes in NAFLDs for effective prevention of diabetes and its complications. Its higher prevalence in this population is probably underpinned by insulin resistance. Introduction Pre-diabetes is considered to be a condition at risk of progressing to diabetes (Perreault et al., 2012) and also at high risk of cardiovascu- lar disease (Hubbard et al., 2019, Kiviniemi et al., 2019, Muhammed et al., 2019). The American Association of Diabetology (ADA) clearly defined it by the presence of either impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or a serum glucose 2 h after a glucose load between 1.40g / dl and 1.99 g / dl or an HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4% (Classification and Diag- nosis of Diabetes 2019). In 2017, there were an estimated 374 million people, equaling 7.7% of the world population, who have Pre-diabetes (International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2017). Over 69% of this pop- ulation lives in developing countries (International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2017). NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) or metabolic steatopathy is more or less recently known disease, well identified in ∗ Corresponding author: TAHARBOUCHT SAID, University Saad Dahleb BLIDA 1, Internal Medicine Department CHU DOUERA, Algiers, Algeria. Telephone: 213551795500. Fax: (213)21417340 E-mail address: staharboucht@yahoo.fr (S. TAHARBOUCHT). 1980 by Ludwig’s team on liver biopsies of patients, of whom the ma- jority were obese and consumed little or no alcohol. Since that date, we have managed today to distinguish two entities within this family (Ludwig et al., 1980). Simple steatosis or NAFL (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver) characterized by the presence of isolated steatosis exceeding 5% of the liver weight (significance level) and non-alcoholic steatohepati- tis or NASH (Non Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis) which is characterized in addition to the presence significant steatosis by the presence of inflam- mation and sometimes fibrosis which can progress to cirrhosis and or hepatocellular cancer. This chronic liver disease is currently one of the leading causes of liver transplantation in the world, it is also associated with high cardiovascular mortality. Few studies have examined its as- sociation with pre-diabetes. Data is still nonexistent in Algeria, in the Maghreb and in Africa. The objective of our work was to estimate the frequency of pre-diabetes in the Algerian NAFLD population and to de- scribe its characteristics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100060 Received 21 June 2020; Received in revised form 3 August 2020; Accepted 6 September 2020 2666-3961/© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)