International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM) Volume 3, Issue 7 July 2021, pp: 2981-2990 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252 DOI: 10.35629/5252-030729812990 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 2981 Evaluation of Some Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Patients: A Survival Analysis Ogunlade Temitope Olu 1,* , Akindutire Opeyemi Roselyn 2 1 Department of Mathematics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria 2 Department of Acturial Science. Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Submitted: 10-07-2021 Revised: 23-07-2021 Accepted: 26-07-2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT:Survival time analysis is the analysis of time to event. It is particularly used to identify risks involved in the survival data. A special type of data has to be analyzed with special methods. When survival times are analyzed without the use of special techniques, and if underlying assumptions were not taken into an account, then faulty interpretation would result. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which has been persistent with humans throughout known history. The aim of this study is to establish the influence of socioeconomic, demographic as well as the environmental variables on tuberculosis patients in Nigeria. Non parametric (Kaplan Meire) and semi parametric (Cox proportional hazard) methods in Survival analysis were used in analyzing the data.Hazard ratio of different variables was determined using cox proportional hazard regression.Resultobtained by the PHreg procedure indicated tuberculosis category gender and age of patients as factors influencing tuberculosis patient. In this study we concluded that the accepted year - to-treatment hazard ratio for distinct concentrations in relation to the reference risk (year 2018) is 1.147, 0.669, 0.912 for years 2015, 2016, 2017 respectively. This means that patients admitted in 2018 have a brief survival time (i.e. will die more quickly from TB) relative to the baseline hazard (year 2018), and patients admitted for therapy in 2016 and 2017 also have a lower risk and survive longer than the baseline hazard. It has been noted, however, that year does not make a significant contribution to the model. Keywords Tuberculosis, Survival function, Hazard ratio, Cox regression model I. INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which has been persistent with humans throughout known history [1]. TB is a disease caused by mycobacterium that mainly affects the lungs spreading to other organs such as brain, skin and other viscera. The causative organisms as outlined by Assam [2] are Mycobacteriumtuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and is second to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent in the world and loss of healthy life years in the productive age group [3, 4]. TB affects all the predicted field of quality of life such as general health perceptions, corporal sense, psychological health, mental peace and functionality of physical and social roles [5]. In 2009, U.S. Global Health policy in Global Tuberculosis Epidemic declared that about one-third of the world's population or two billion people carried the TB bacteria, and more than 9 million of who become sick each year with ‘active’ TB which could be spread to others [6]. In low and middle- income countries (LMICs), TB stands third among the leading cause of adult mortality after HIV and ischemic heart disease [7]. Despite the down trend in the incidence and prevalence of TB, every continent still report new cases especially Africa and south-east Asia [8]. The highest rates of TB cases are found in countries where poverty, crowding and insufficient health care programs are common problems [9]. Nigeria is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa, noted to be saddled with a high prevalence of the disease [10]. In year 2007, Nigeria ranked fourth in the world and first in Africa with respect to the WHO estimated number of TB cases. Unfortunately, a 2008 report estimated total TB cases in Nigeria as 922,575, and was ranked 3rd (behind India and China) on the list of high-burden countries [11]. Furthermore, as at 2007, WHO estimated that Nigeria had 460,000 cases of all form of TB, a TB prevalence of 521/100,000 population, 195,000 new smear positive cases, incidence rate (all cases) of 311/100,000 per year, and the occurrence rate (new smear positive) of 131/100,000 per year. Further estimates include the prevalence of all forms of TB in HIV of 42/100,000, and a death rate of 93/100,000 population per year (138,000 deaths/year) (WHO, 2009). Without the implementation of proper control measures, WHO estimates that between 2000 and 2020, nearly one billion people will be newly infected, 200 million people will get sick and 35 million will