Belhocine et al. 2014. Int. J. Vehicle Structures & Systems, 6(3), 64-70
International Journal of
Vehicle Structures & Systems
Available online at www.maftree.org/eja
ISSN: 0975-3060 (Print), 0975-3540 (Online)
doi: 10.4273/ijvss.6.3.04
© 2014. MechAero Foundation for Technical Research & Education Excellence
64
Dry Contact and Coupled Thermomechanical Analyses of Brake Disc-Pad using
Finite Element Simulation
Ali Belhocine
a
, Nouby Mahdi Ghazali
b
and Oday Ibraheem Abdullah
c
a
Faculty of Mechanical Engg.,
Oran University of Science & Technology, Algeria.
Corresponding Author, Email: al.belhocine@yahoo.fr
b
Mechanical Engg. Dept.,
Faculty of Engg., South Valley University, Egypt.
Email: nouby.ghazaly@eng.svu.edu.eg
c
System Technology and Mechanical Design Methodology,
Hamburg University of Technology, Germany.
Email: oday.abdullah@tu-harburg.de
ABSTRACT:
The motivation of this work is to identify the thermal effects on the structural and contact behaviour of a disc-pad
assembly using a finite element approach. The first analysis is performed on the disc-pad model without the presence of
thermal properties. Structural performance of the disc-pad model such as deformation and Von Mises stress is
predicted. Next, thermomechanical analysis is performed on the same disc-pad model with the inclusion of convection,
adiabatic and heat flux elements. The prediction results of temperature distribution, deformation, stress and contact
pressure are presented. Comparison of the structural performance between the mechanical and thermomechanical is
also made. Three disc-pad designs are assessed using the developed finite element model.
KEYWORDS:
Finite element analysis; Braking system; Disc-pad interface; Temperature; Deformation; Stress; Contact pressure
CITATION:
A. Belhocine, N.M. Ghazali and O.I. Abdullah. 2014. Dry Contact and Coupled Thermomechanical Analyses of Brake
Disc-Pad using Finite Element Simulation, Int. J. Vehicle Structures & Systems, 6(3), 64-70. doi:10.4273/ijvss.6.3.04.
1. Introduction
In basic working operation, a disc brake system has to
reduce wheel speed when a driver desires vehicle
deceleration. The kinetic energy generated by a vehicle
in terms of wheel speed is converted into heat energy
due to the application of the brake. The friction force
between disc and brake pad applies friction torque to the
wheel in the opposite direction of the car’s movement.
This results in a reduction of vehicle speed and heat
energy occurring in the brake disc causes a temperature
increment in the disc swept area during the brake
application. This physical action of the brake disc causes
heat conduction to the adjacent braking system
components [1]. Lee [2] stated that inconsistent
dissipation of heat inside the brake disc could cause
deformation of the disc. The disc deformation could also
cause friction loss and consequently led to brake fade
[3]. High temperature of the brake disc could cause
cracking in the brake disc material due to high thermal
stresses and vibrations [4, 5].
It is become common in the brake research
community to fully utilize finite element (FE) approach
in order to identify and predict disc brake structural
performance. For instance, Koetniyom [6] performed
temperature analysis on brake discs under heavy
operating conditions. He found that the physical shape of
vehicle brake discs play a significant role in determining
the temperature characteristics including the overall
brake efficiency. Kamnerdtong et al. [7] attempted to
link the interaction between mechanical and thermal
effects with disc movements and heat caused by friction.
They concluded from FE analysis that the temperature
on the disc surface changed at each point over the
period, which indicates inconsistent dissipation and
temperature differences in each side of the disc.
Inconsistent contact between disc and pad could affect
material deformation.
Akhtar et al. [8] employed FE method to explain the
transient thermoelastic phenomena of a dry clutch
system. The effect of sliding speed on contact pressure
distribution, temperature and heat flux generated along
the frictional surfaces was analyzed. Sowjanya and
Suresh [9] conducted a static structural analysis of the
disc brake with selected composite materials to compare
the results obtained such as deflection and stresses. In
the research by Reddy et al.[10], thermal and structural
coupled analysis was carried out to find the strength of
the disc brake. Gnanesh et al. [11] investigated thermal-
structural analysis of solid and vented disc brake using
FE approach in the case of design with and with out
holes in the disc. The materials used in the simulation
were cast iron, stainless steel and aluminum metal matrix
composites. Manjunath and Suresh [12] performed a