Bachir Bouiadjra et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2020; 10(4):168-174 ISSN: 2250-1177 [168] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Available online on 15.07.2020 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research © 2011-20, publisher and licensee JDDT, This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited Open Access Research Article Hematologic malignancies in children: Epidemiological aspects in the pediatric oncology department of Oran Anti-Cancerous center, Algeria (2009-2013) Chahrazed Bachir Bouiadjra 1 *, Oum Kaltoum Seddiki 1 , Mustapha Diaf 2 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Djillali LIABES University of Sidi Bel Abbes (UDL-SBA), Algeria 2 Laboratory of Health & Environment, Department of Biology, Djillali LIABES University of Sidi Bel Abbes (UDL-SBA), Algeria ABSTRACT The incidence of the hematological malignacies, cancers of blood and lymphoid organs, has been in continuous increase for the last 20 years. I n Algeria, few data on hematologic malignancies are available in the absence of a population register. The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological aspect of hematologic malignancies in children from northwestern Algeria. This study was carried out in 366 patients, with hematological malignancies, aged from 1 month to 15 years, over a period of 5 years (2009- 2013). The study was carried out in the Anti-Cancerous Centre of Oran, Algeria. We noted a predominance of male gender comparing to the females with a sex ratio M/F of 1.2. A male predominance was found for all pathologies (sex ratio of 1.08 for acute lymphoid leukemia, ALL) except for acute myeloid leukemia, AML where a female predominance was observed with a sex ratio F/M of 1.21. 0-3 years age group is the most affected by these haemopathies with 34.2%, however, patients older than 10 years are the least affected. The most frequent malignant haemopathies was the ALL with 60.9%, followed by the AML with 16.9%. The mortality rate in all the studied patients is about 8.2%. The mortality rate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was about 20%, which is significantly higher compared to those recorded in patients with ALL and LH (5.4% and 5%, respectively). This study highlights the need for broader strategies for better understanding of all epidemiological aspects of childhood hematological malignancies and for adopting case management and prevention policies. Keywords: Hematologic malignancies, epidemiological characteristics, children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Oran anti cancerous centre. Article Info: Received 21 April 2020; Review Completed 26 June 2020; Accepted 03 July 2020; Available online 15 July 2020 Cite this article as: Bachir Bouiadjra C, Seddiki OK, Diaf M, Hematologic malignancies in children: Epidemiological aspects in the pediatric oncology department of Oran Anti-Cancerous center, Algeria (2009-2013), Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2020; 10(4):168-174 http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4.4248 *Address for Correspondence: Chahrazed Bachir Bouiadjra, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Djillali LIABES University of Sidi Bel Abbes (UDL- SBA), Algeria. INTRODUCTION Hematological malignancies, neoplasms account for about 40% of cancers in children under the age of 15 years, and developed from the bone marrow hematopoietic cells and lymphatic system. This kind of hematological malignancy develops at the expense of lymphoid lines precursors, with a strong preponderance of B-lymphoid line. 1 Leukemia is the most prevalent pediatric cancer. The acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) accounts for about 80% of the cases (75% of them are B-ALL), whereas the acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is traditionally encountered in adults, accounts for only 20% of cases. 2 Usually, the chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is not found in children, however, the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is extremely rare. 3-4 The upsurge of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) incidence is associated with the age of children. 5 On the other hand, the non- Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is very rare before the first year of life. The Burkitt lymphomas involving mature B-cells represent the half of the NHL and represent the most common histological type in children aged 3 to 8 years; nonetheless, their impact decreases in older children. The T and B lymphoblastic lymphomas represent 17% and 5% of cases, respectively. 6