Results of Early Liver Retransplantation María Josefa Cuevas López*, Carmen Cepeda Franco, Gonzalo Suárez Artacho, Luis Miguel Marín Gómez, Carmen Bernal Bellido, José María Álamo Martínez, Francisco Javier Padillo Ruiz, and Miguel Ángel Gómez Bravo Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain ABSTRACT Background. Liver retransplantation can be classified as urgent (when performed in the first week after the transplantation) or elective, which may be considered as early (first month post-transplantation) or late (after the first month). The time in which retransplantation takes place is determined by the cause that makes it necessary. The goal of this study is to analyze the causes and results of early retransplantation in our center. Methods. A retrospective analysis of liver retransplantations performed within the first month after the original transplantation in our center between 2007 and 2017 was carried out. The variables analyzed were demographic, causes of the first transplant and retrans- plantation, and the complications and mortality resulting from the latter. Results. A total of 698 liver transplants were performed, including 67 patients who required retransplantation (8.9%). Among these, 37 were late elective retransplantations and 30 were early retransplantations. Regarding the latter, the causes that led to the first transplant were hepatocellular carcinoma (46.7%) and noncholestatic cirrhosis (30%). On the other hand, the main precipitants of the retransplantation were hepatic artery thrombosis (60%) and primary graft failure (13.3%). The reoperation rate was 16.7%, and the perioperative mortality rate was 16.7%. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 83.3%, 76.7% and 59.9%, respectively. Conclusion. Despite the high perioperative morbidity of liver retransplantation, its re- sults in terms of survival are similar to those of the global series of liver transplantation. L IVER retransplantation is the last therapeutic option available in patients with irreversible graft failure. With an increasing incidence, about 7% to 13% of liver transplants are retransplantations in Spain [1], despite the fact that they are traditionally associated with worse out- comes when compared with the first transplantation, espe- cially in terms of survival and morbidity [2]. The time when retransplantation is performed allows us to classify the cases as: urgent (when it takes place in the first 7 days after the initial transplantation) or elective (when it is performed after that period) [2]. The latter can be considered as early (if it took place during the first month of the postoperative period) or late (if it was performed afterward) [2]. Liver retransplantation indications differ between these 2 major groups; thus, vascular thrombosis and primary graft failure are the most common causes of urgent and early retransplantation. Disease recurrence, biliary complications, and chronic graft rejection are factors in late retrans- plantation [3]. The present study aims to analyze the causes, general outcomes, and survival rates of liver retransplantations that took place in the first month after the initial transplantation (urgent and early elective retransplantation) that were performed in our center in recent years. *Address correspondence to María Josefa Cuevas López, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot, 41013, Seville, Spain. Tel: (þ34) 646 570 332. E-mail: marijose.cuevas@gmail.com ª 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 230 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10169 0041-1345/20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.055 Transplantation Proceedings, XX, 1e3 (2020) 1