Advantages of Enhancement of Street Lighting Infrastructure with DC link
A. Suzdalenko
1
, I. Galkin
2
1
Riga Technical University, Kronvalda boulevard 1 -324, LV1010, Riga, Latvia, E-mail: aleksandrs.suzdalenko@rtu.lv
2
Riga Technical University, Kronvalda boulevard 1 -324, LV1010, Riga, Latvia, E-mail: gia@eef.rtu.lv
ABSTRACT: The present paper deals with analysis of
advantages of enhancement Street Lighting Infrastructure
with DC link. The dynamics of electricity price and Solid
State Lighting (SSL) technology development are discussed
and prognosis is drawn for the nearest future, based on
statistical data. The advantages of implementation of Direct
Current (DC) link for supplying street lighting grid are
discussed, as well as connection of Renewable Energy
Sources (RESs) to the lighting grid is proposed.
1. Introduction
The energy consumed in the sphere of artificial
illumination shares about fifth part of the global
electricity market, which, in turn, has great potential for
energy saving initiatives.
Street lighting represents one of the noticeable parts of
artificial illumination, for which 40% of municipality’s
budget is spent in average, making great interest for
minimisation of these expenditures.
Another research [1] results that saving 1 kWh of
electrical energy, potentially could save the equivalent of
2 kWh of fossil fuel. It relates with the total system
efficiency of energy delivery from mining site to an end-
user. The losses occur at each stage of energy delivery
process, like use of energy during mining process of fossil
fuels, energy conversion and transmission (mechanical
and electrical) losses, as well as end-device efficiency.
Consequently, locally generated energy (especially from
renewable energy sources) is much preferable, because it
excludes the major of the mentioned losses.
The concept of intelligent building, which is defined
as “building, that provides a productive and cost-effective
environment through optimisation of its four basic
elements - structure, systems, services and management -
and the interrelationships between them”, can also be
projected on the street lighting infrastructure, that could
utilize renewable energy sources as lighting poles are
mostly located in open-air. This is confirmed by various
projects happening all over the world, creating
autonomous street illumination, which is based on energy
accumulation in batteries during day and using it by night
to supply the lamp. Nevertheless, reliability of such
system is insufficient due to unpredictability of weather
and limited lifetime of batteries.
However, there are known other projects like
“SCOTIA” [2] or “Solar Street Lights USA” [3], which
utilises lighting poles with equipped Photo-Voltaic (PV)
panels and energy efficient luminaries to implement
intelligent street lighting infrastructure – during night
lighting poles are powered from the main utility grid, but
during day PVs supply valuable energy to the grid. This
system greatly reduces the initial investment, as
eliminates use of batteries.
Thus, the enhancement of street lighting infrastructure
is an important task, leading to minimization of global
energy demand and reduction of municipal expenditures
on illumination of public places and streets.
2. Advantages of DC link for Street Lighting
Infrastructure
The rapid development of Solid State Lighting (SSL)
technology and decrease of initial cost is described by
Haitz’s law [4], who noticed that price/lumen relation is
decreasing tenfold per decade, at the same time
lumens/package – increasing thirtyfold per decade.
Concerning these advantages, it may be assumed that
SSL is going to be the replacement technology in lighting
sphere in the nearest future. Another assumption can be
drawn on base of the fact, that LEDs are DC load, what
for street lighting grid could be supplied with DC voltage.
In this case configuration of lighting pole could be as
it is drawn in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Configuration of street lighting pole.
235
2012 13th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC2012)
Tallinn, Estonia, October 3-5, 2012
978-1-4673-2773-2/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE