J. Mt. Sci. (2018) 15(6): 1229-1240 e-mail: jms@imde.ac.cn http://jms.imde.ac.cn
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4654-y
1229
Abstract: Energy balance at the glacier surface is
important for understanding the impacts of climate
change on glaciers. Here, we analyzed the
characteristics of the glacier surface energy fluxes
along with their contributions to glacier melt on Bayi
Ice Cap in Qilian Mountains by using a point-scale
energy balance model. The half-hourly meteorological
data from an automatic weather station (AWS)
located on the glacier was used to drive the energy
balance model. The model simulated results could
accurately represent the mass-balance observations
from the stake near the weather station during
summer 2016. Our results showed the net radiation
(86%) played an important role in the surface energy
balance, and the contribution of the turbulent heat
fluxes (14%) to the energy budget was relatively less
important. A distinct behavior of energy balance, as
compared to other continental glaciers in China (e.g.,
two adjacent glaciers Laohugou No. 12 Glacier and
Qiyi Glacier), is the fact that a sustained period of
positive turbulent latent flux exists on Bayi Ice Cap
during August, causing faster melt rate in the month
of August. Our study also presented the effect of
frequent summer snowfall in slowing down surface
melt by changing the surface albedo during the
beginning of the melting season.
Keywords: Surface melting; Energy balance;
Turbulent latent flux; Summer snowfall; Glacier
Introduction
Alpine glaciers are the most important source
of water for agricultural and industrial uses in
mountainous areas and surrounding regions
(Immerzeel et al. 2010; Deng and Zhao 2015).
These glaciers directly affect annual and diurnal
variations of streamflow along with the increase or
decrease in glacier mass, which is strongly
controlled by precipitation and energy exchanges
between atmosphere and glacier surface. Over the
past decades, most alpine glaciers in China have
experienced shrinkage as a result of climate
warming, causing a significant impact on
downstream flow (Sakai 2005; Shangguan et al.
2010; Yang et al. 2011, 2016; Zhang et al. 2013;
Guo et al. 2015). Knowledge of the glacier
Surface energy balance of Bayi Ice Cap in the middle of
Qilian Mountains, China
QING Wen-wu
1,2*
http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9092-524X; e-mail: qingww@lzu.edu.cn
HAN Chun-tan
2
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-6692; e-mail: hancht@lzb.ac.cn
LIU Jun-feng
2
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-0786; e-mail: liujfzyou@lzb.ac.cn
* Corresponding author
1 Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and
Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2 Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Citation: Qing WW, Han CT, Liu JF (2018) Surface energy balance of Bayi Ice Cap in the middle of Qilian Mountains,
China. Journal of Mountain Science 15(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4654-y
© Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Received: 25 August 2017
Revised: 14 January 2018
Accepted: 07 February 2018