Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 24, 1 (Winter 2023): 221–30. Section Heading Secularization and Lived Religiosity à la Russe LILIYA BEREZHNAYA Zh. V. Kormina, Palomniki: Etnografcheskie ocherki pravoslavnogo noma- dizma (Pilgrims: Ethnographic Sketches of Orthodox Nomadism). 349 pp. Moscow: HSE Publishing House, 2019. ISBN-13 978-5759819394. Victoria Smolkin, A Sacred Space Is Never Empty: A History of Soviet Atheism. xviii + 341 pp. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018. ISBN-13 978-0691197234. $32.95. Modes of secularization are a highly debatable issue in contemporary social sciences. “Contested secularization” refers mostly to whether modernity is always accompanied by secularization, meaning functional diferentiation of society, the decline of religious beliefs and practices, and the privati- zation of religion. 1 Generally, it reevaluates Max Weber’s thesis about the disenchantment of the modern world. Scholars debate the issue of whether religion lost its value in modern societies, and if not, why? Te observa- tion about “desecularization of the world” and “the global resurgence of religion” that brought the secularization “paradigm in crisis,” was originally 1 On contested secularization, see Karl Gabriel, Christel Gärtner, and Detlef Pollack, eds., Umstrittene Säkularisierung: Soziologische und historische Analysen zur Diferenzierung von Religion und Politik (Berlin: Berlin University Press, 2012); and Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook, “Introduction: Te Study of Secularism,” in Te Oxford Handbook of Secularism, ed. Zuckerman and Shook (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), 1–17. For a general over- view of recent secularization debates, see also Warren S. Goldstein, “Secularization Patterns in the Old Paradigm,” Sociology of Religion 70, 2 (2009): 157–78. On the privatization of reli- gion, see José Casanova, Public Religions in the Modern World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 211.