Available online at www.medicinescience.org
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Medicine Science 2019;8(2):306-10
The evaluation of the efects of occupational arsenic exposure on man
reproductive hormones
Meside Gunduzoz
1
, Lutfye Tutkun
2
, Servet Birgin Iritas
3
, Aybike Dip
4
, Serdar Deniz
5
1
Occupational Diseases Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
2
Bozok University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Yozgat, Turkey
3
Ministry of Justice, The Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
4
Ministry of Justice, The Council of Forensic Medicine, Adana, Turkey
5
Provincial Health Directorate, Malatya, Turkey
Received 17 September 2018; Accepted 10 November 2018
Available online 10.01.2019 with doi:10.5455/medscience.2018.07.8957
Copyright © 2019 by authors and Medicine Science Publishing Inc.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between arsenic levels and reproductive hormones of workers with occupational arsenic exposure. Forty arsenic ex-
posed workers, who applied to Ankara Occupational Disease Hospital, Occupational Health Outpatient Clinic between 2013-2017 with no complaints about infertility and
erectile dysfunction (ED), were included in this study. Arsenic exposed individuals in the study group were working in the recycling and pest control companies. A healthy
group, who consists of 57 ofce workers with no heavy metal exposure at workplace, was selected as the control group. Workers who have chronic disease, prescripted
or herbal medicines were not included in this study. Whole group was composed of 97 male subjects, with 40 arsenic exposed workers and 57 control subjects. In the
study group, urine arsenic levels (UAL) was signifcantly higher than the control group (57.98±26, 70 μg/L and 12.84±6.82 μg/L respectively) (p=0.000). Serum follicle
stimulated hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were found to be higher in the study group (FSH: 4.52±2.08/3.58±2.10, LH: 4.66±1.92/ 4.20±1.92). Total
testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and prolactin levels were signifcantly lower than in the control group (TT: 5.63±2.01/6.80±2.43, FT: 10.31±2.87/16,74±4,32,
Prolactin: 12.61±7.03/15.55±6.93). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), uric acid (UA), creat-
inine, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were similar in both groups. In the complete blood count (CBC) parameters, the HGB and HTC values were found
lower in the study group. This is a pilot study that shows the toxic efects of arsenic exposure on male reproductive hormones.
Keywords: Testosterone, arsenic, occupational exposure, Prolactin, follicle stimulated hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)
Medicine Science
International
Medical Journal
306
Introduction
Arsenic (As) compounds are widely used in the production of
paint, glass, ceramics, semiconductors and agrochemicals. It
is a toxic metalloid which is a natural part of earth crust [1-3].
Most prevalent arsenic is inorganic types found mainly is waters.
Organic form of it are found in natural gas and petroleum source.
As changes its chemical forms and oxidation level easily by the
efect of microbiologic activity, redox potential, water pH and the
presence of ions [4].
Leading routes of As exposure are production of ceramics, mining
process, herbicides and insecticides [5]. Arsenic enters the human
body via ingestion or inhalation or absorption by skin. Ingested
*Coresponding Author: Servet Birgin Iritas, Ministry of Justice, The Council of
Forensic Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, E-mail: sbiritas@gmail.com
arsenic is easily absorbed through gastrointestinal tract. Inhaled
arsenic is also well absorbed by lungs and enters bloodstream. First
target of arsenic compounds is erythrocyte in body after systemic
absorption [6]. Chronic arsenic exposure leads to metabolic and
structural changes in hepatocyte and mitochondria in the liver as
well as apoptosis, oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation [7-9].
It has been proven that As is clinically relevant bladder, lung, liver
and skin cancers and it is defned as Group 1 carcinogen by the
IARC (The International Agency for Research on Cancer) [10].
Adverse efects of As on circulation, respiration, digestion,
hematology, musculoskeletal system, neurological and reproductive
system have been proven by many scientifc researches [7,11-13].
Efects of As exposure on reproductive system is mostly studied by
animal models. Mehranjani and Hemadi [14] reported a statistically
signifcant reduction in FSH and LH concentrations in rats treated
with sodium arsenide at 8 mg kg BW-1 daily dose for eight weeks.
Ali et al. found that FSH and LH levels increase and testosterone
levels decrease in As exposed mices [15]. In another study with