actuators
Article
Mechanical Design and Performance Analyses of a
Rubber-Based Peristaltic Micro-Dosing Pump
Thomas Zehetbauer
1,
*, Andreas Plöckinger
1
, Carina Emminger
2
and Umut D. Çakmak
2,
*
Citation: Zehetbauer, T.; Plöckinger,
A.; Emminger, C.; Çakmak, U.D.
Mechanical Design and Performance
Analyses of a Rubber-Based
Peristaltic Micro-Dosing Pump.
Actuators 2021, 10, 198. https://
doi.org/10.3390/act10080198
Academic Editor: Andrea Vacca
Received: 20 July 2021
Accepted: 17 August 2021
Published: 19 August 2021
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
1
Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH (LCM), Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria;
andreas.ploeckinger@lcm.at
2
Institute of Polymer Product Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69,
4040 Linz, Austria; carina.emminger@jku.at
* Correspondence: thomas.zehetbauer@lcm.at (T.Z.); umut.cakmak@jku.at (U.D.Ç.)
Abstract: Low pressure fluid transport (1) applications often require low and precise volumetric
flow rates (2) including low leakage to reduce additional costly and complex sensors. A peristaltic
pump design (3) was realized, with the fluid’s flexible transport channel formed by a solid cavity
and a wobbling plate comprising a rigid and a soft layer (4). In operation, the wobbling plate is
driven externally by an electric motor, hence, the soft layer is contracted and unloaded (5) during
pump-cycles transporting fluid from low to high pressure sides. A thorough characterization of the
pump system is required to design and dimension the components of the peristaltic pump. To capture
all these parameters and their dependencies on various operation-states, often complex and long-
lasting dynamic 3D FE-simulations are required. We present, here, a holistic design methodology
(6) including analytical as well as numerical calculations, and experimental validations for a peristaltic
pump with certain specifications of flow-rate range, maximum pressures, and temperatures. An
experimental material selection process is established and material data of candidate materials
(7) (liquid silicone rubber, acrylonitrile rubber, thermoplastic-elastomer) are directly applied to
predict the required drive torque. For the prediction, a semi-physical, analytical model was derived
and validated by characterizing the pump prototype.
Keywords: hydraulic pump; micro-dosing; peristaltic; hyper-elasticity; viscoelasticity; holistic design
methodology; elastomer compound
1. Introduction
Pumps have a broad field of application and can be considered as energy transducers,
converting primary kinetic energy (e.g., linear, or rotational motion of a rigid body) to
hydrodynamic energy [1]. A simplified view on the technical side of a pump reduces it
into three main components which describe the operation principle [hydraulic pump very
abstracted]: housing with fluid in- and outlet port, moving component(s) and transmission
gear to drive the moved part via the primary energy source. Based on the operation
principle hydraulic pumps, beside some exceptions like “the hydraulic ram” [2] which
uses the water hammer effect [3] as primary energy source, can be categorized into two
main groups, namely centrifugal pumps [4] and (positive) displacement pumps. Schmitz
and Murrenhoff [5] gives a good overview of hydraulics in general. Centrifugal pumps
have an open fluid connection from in- to outlet port, the impeller accelerates the fluid
due to its rotational movement which causes centripetal forces (actio); in other words: the
fluid is moved due to its centrifugal force caused by the impeller (reactio). In contrast to
that, the in- and outlet ports of displacement pumps are disconnected by a sealing which is
considered as “leak-free” flow, so the fluid volume “the displacement” is encapsulated and
transported by the motion per turn. Some pumps of this kind have multi-sectioned and
even parallel, and phase shifted displacement to smooth the flow rate and, consequently,
reduce pulsations. The most common types of displacement pumps are gear pumps, screw
Actuators 2021, 10, 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/act10080198 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/actuators