Research Article Trends Med, 2017 doi: 10.15761/TiM.1000121 Trends in Medicine Volume 18: 1-4 Identifcation of microorganisms in upper endoscopy of patients with diferent gastrointestinal diseases Khadiga Ahmed Ismail 1,2 *, Howaida Mahmoud Rezk 1,2 , Mona Mutlaq AlOtabi 1,2 , Wedad Said Elthabati 1,2 and Ahmed Mahmoud Khalifa 3 1 Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia 2 Parasitology Department Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 3 Forensic and Toxocology Department Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Abstract Te microbiota of the human stomach and its composition remain largely unknown endoscopic biopsy samples show a diverse community of many phylotypes which was identifed, our study is carried on 21 patients submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination the majority of microorganisms were Gram +ve cocci 52% (Kocuria kristina, Staph hyicus and Staph sciuri, staph intermiduis). Gram –ve bacilli were 5% and Giardia were 10% but 33% of cases have no growth. Te relation between microorganisms in upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and its relation with the endoscopic fnding showed that microorganisms increased with erosive gastritis and gastropathy, direct relation between bacterial growth in gastric wash and proton pump inhibitor drug intake with higher frequency of increased bacterial growth with proton pump inhibitor drug intake, but there is inverse relation between Helicobacter growth with proton pump intake (PPI) intake as there is higher growth with non PPI intake and this may result from patchy bacterial colonization through the stomach and altered distribution because of gastritis with atrophy. So multiple gastric biopsies were recommended from diferent sites. Correspondence to: Khadiga Ahmed Ismail, Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: khadigaahmed68@yahoo.com Key words: microorganisms, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastrointestinal diseases Received: November 20, 2017; Accepted: December 08, 2017; Published: December 12, 2017 Introduction Routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the standard practice for diagnosing esophageal, gastric and duodenal diseases. It has very low complication and mortality rates [1]. Gastritis is an infammatory condition of gastric mucosa that displays change related to etiology and the host response. Gastritis is an infectious or auto-immunological infammation [2]. Gastritis may be acute or chronic, sudden severe infammation of the stomach lining is called acute gastritis. Infammation that lasts for a long time is called chronic gastritis. If chronic gastritis is not treated, it may last for years or even a lifetime [3]. Chronic gastritis was categorized into two subgroups: namely, superfcial and atrophic [2]. Te most common cause of erosive gastritis—acute and chronic—is prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Other agents that can cause erosive gastritis include alcohol, cocaine, and radiation. Traumatic injuries, critical illness, severe burns, and major surgery can also cause acute erosive gastritis. Tis type of gastritis is called stress gastritis. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes most cases of chronic nonerosive gastritis. H. pylori are bacteria that infect the stomach lining [4]. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has a worldwide distribution and is causally associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma [5]. Fify percent of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori. Tis rate is 70% in developing countries [2], meaning that its prevalence is low in developed countries and relatively high in developing countries where the infection occurs early in life and is ofen associated with low socio-economic status [6]. Peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma are common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and as in many populations, they account for major health care cost and signifcant economic loss from absenteeism, morbidity and deaths from complications [7,8]. Te increased prevalence of infection with age was initially thought to represent a continuing rate of bacterial acquisition throughout one’s lifetime. However, epidemiologic evidence now indicates most infections are acquired during childhood even in developed countries. Most infections were acquired before fve years of age [9]. Te consumption of salted food appears to increase the possibility of persistent infection with H. pylori infection [10]. In addition, a synergistic interaction between H. pylori infection and salted food intake to increase the risk of gastric cancer has also been reported in case-control studies [11,12]. Most forms of chronic nonspecifc gastritis do not cause symptoms. However, chronic gastritis is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease, gastric polyps, and benign and malignant gastric tumors. Some people with chronic H. pylori gastritis or autoimmune gastritis develop atrophic gastritis. Atrophic gastritis destroys the cells in the stomach lining that produce digestive acids and enzymes. Atrophic gastritis can lead to two types of cancer: gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma [2]. Te objective of this study is