International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9, Issue-1S4, December 2019 192 Retrieval Number: A10081291S419//2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijeat.A1008.1291S419 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Abstract — Disposal problem of waste materials and excessive demand on naturally available resources due to rapid urban development has opened possibilities for use of waste materials in construction industry. Many waste materials are used in concrete as replacement to cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and reinforcement. Here review of some waste materials, whose ash is used as partial replacement to cement in concrete, is presented. Different properties of fresh and hardened concrete, when admixed with ash of waste materials are reviewed. Concrete containing sugar cane bagasse ash, ground nut shell ash, rice husk ash, saw dust ash, and tobacco waste ash are reviewed. After review, it is observed that further studies are required on all waste ashes replacing cement, which will reveal more potential on their usage in concrete. Concrete containing ash of waste materials attained demanded strength within 5% to 20% replacement. Keywords : Waste materials, Ashes, Replacement of cement I. INTRODUCTION Concrete, mixture of cement, and aggregates, is prepared from natural based resources. Population increment and urban expansion demands huge quantity of natural resource usage in construction field, resulting in resource scarcity. The scarcity in materials motivated researchers to use, waste materials generated from industries, mining, household and agriculture. It is observed in India that wastes generated from various sources leads to disposal problems. Issue of contamination can be taken care of by use of wastes as construction materials, as land filling and reduce expenses towards building materials and ensure sustainability. Research on usage of ash of waste materials, as substitution for cement requires more research in terms of long-term durability of concrete. Relationship is established between concrete prepared using waste materials and green building rating systems after studies. Construction material is an important aspect in Current Green Building Rating system. II. ASHES OF WASTE MATERIALS USED IN CONCRETE Ashes of wastes used as substitution of cement in concrete are sugar cane bagasse ash, ground nut shell ash, rice husk ash, saw dust ash and tobacco waste ash. Major differences in them are the place from where they are procured and the process adopted in converting them to ash. Revised Manuscript Received on December 5, 2019 * Correspondence Author Ranjan Abraham*, Faculty, Ilahia College of Engineering & Technology, Muvattupuzha, Kerala and Research Scholar, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India. Email: ranjanabraham@icet.ac.in T.R. Neelakantan, Civil Engineering Department, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India. Email: neelakantan@klu.ac.in C. Ramesh Babu, Civil Engineering Department, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India. Email: babussr@gmail.com Sugarcane and rice husk are produced world-wide by burning to convert them into sugar cane bagasse ash and rice husk ash respectively. They are used as partial substitution to cement, and provides added pozzolanic property to concrete. Ground nut shells are burnt and converted into ash prior to use in concrete. Saw dust is generated by processing of raw wood by mechanical means in saw mill industry and burnt to produce ash. Tobacco wastes are collected from cigarette industries, burnt and ash is used as a substitute to binder in concrete. The review looks into workability and properties of concrete prepared by replacing cement in partial amount with ashes of waste materials. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Fibrous residue of sugar cane after extraction of juice is ‘‘bagasse”. It is used as fuel, which leaves behind 8–10% of ash, known as sugar cane bagasse ash. Bagasse consists of approximately 50 percent cellulose, 25 percent hemi-cellulose and 25 percent lignin [1]. Sugar cane bagasse is available from sugar factories all over the world. It is partially used as fuel in sugar plants, but major portion is disposed as waste and unutilized. Controlled burning produces ash having amorphous silica, having pozzolanic properties. Sugar cane production is more than 1.50 billion tons worldwide. Around 10 million tons of sugarcane bagasse ash is disposed as waste material in India [2]. It is beneficial to be used as partial substitute to cement in concrete, avoid disposal issues and reduce consumption of cement. Groundnut Shell Ash Ground nut shell is available as agricultural farm waste in large quantities. Ground nut was first cultivated in South Africa and Brazil. Later it’s cultivation spreaded to other parts of world including America, Asia, and north western Argentina. The outer part of ground nut is ground nut shell. It is considered as a solid waste over a period of years. Utilization of ground nut shell in construction industry solves pollution related issues and increases financial base of agriculturists and encourage them to boost production. Ground nut shell is used in developing roofing materials, replacement to cement and as fine aggregate in concrete [3]. Sawdust Ash Sawdust is used in manufacture of particle board. It is used as fuel too. It is treated as a hazardous object in manufacturing industries, due to high degree of flammability [4]. Saw dust is used for making light weight concrete in recent past [5]. Sawdust ash is a good choice as cement substitute to concrete. It can reduce disposal problems considerably and reduce cement usage [6]. Many experts have studied behaviour of saw dust ash in concrete and observed that sawdust possessed exclusive characteristics, which make it superior above other materials [7]. Waste Material Ashes Used in Concrete Ranjan Abraham, T.R. Neelakantan, C. Ramesh Babu